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Year 3 > Thrombotic Disorders > Flashcards

Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

name the elements of haemostasis

A

primary haemostasis
blood coagulation
fibrinolysis

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2
Q

name the components of primary haemostasis

A

vasoconstriction
platelet adhesion
platelet aggregation

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3
Q

name the components of blood coagulation

A

insoluble fibrin formation

fibrin crosslinking

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4
Q

what converts plasminogen to plasmin?

A

XII
urokinase
tissue plasminogen activator

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5
Q

name the components of Virchow’s triad and what its for

A

thrombosis:

stasis, vessel damage, hypercoagulability

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6
Q

when would you be in a hypercoaguable state?

A

pregnancy

trauma

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7
Q

what makes blood stasis more likely to occur?

A

best rest

travel

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8
Q

what forms a clot in the arterial system?

A

platelets and fibrin

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9
Q

what does an arterial thrombus result in?

A

ischaemia and infarction

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10
Q

arterial thrombi are principally secondary to?

A

atherosclarosis

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11
Q

name the results of a coronary thrombus

A

MI

unstable angina

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12
Q

name the results of a cerebrovascular thromboembolism

A

stroke

transient ischaemia

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13
Q

name the results of peripheral embolism

A

limb ischaemia

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14
Q

risk factors for arterial thrombi

A 
age
smoking
sedentary lifestyle
hypertension
DM
obesity
hypercholesterolaemia
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15
Q

management of arterial thrombi

A 
o	Primary prevention
	Lifestyle modification
	Treatment of vascular risk factors
o	Acute presentation
	Thrombolysis
	Antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs
o	Secondary prevention
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16
Q

name the components of a venous thrombus

A

fibrin and red cells

17
Q

what does venous thrombus result in?

A

back pressure

18
Q

what is venous thrombus principally due to?

A

stasis and hypercoagulability

19
Q

effects of a VTE

A 
limb deep vein thrombosis
PE
visceral venous thrombosis
intracranial venous thrombosis
superficial thrombophlebitis
20
Q

risk factors for venous thrombus

A 
age
pregnancy
hormonal therapy - COCP/HRT
tissue trauma
immobility
surgery
obesity
systemic disease
family history
21
Q

systemic disease and venous thrombosis

A 
cancer
myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)
autoimmune disease - IBD, connective tissue disease (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome - arterial and venous thrombosis
22
Q

diagnosis of venous thrombus: pretest probability scoring

A

Wells score

Geneva score

23
Q

diagnosis of venous thrombus: lab testing if pretest probability low

A

D-dimer

24
Q

diagnosis of venous thrombus: imaging

A

Doppler US
V/Q scan
CT pulmonary angiogram

25
Q

aim of management in venous thrombosis

A

prevent clot extension
prevent clot embolisation
prevent clot recurrent in long term treatment

26
Q

drugs for treatment of venous thrombosis

A

anticoagulants - LMWH, coumarins (warfarin), DOACs

thrombolysis

27
Q

when would you consider thrombolysis in venous thrombosis?

A

massive PE

28
Q

heritable thrombophilia is/

A

an inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis

29
Q

what problems may cause heritable thrombophilia?

A 
o	Common
	Factor V Leiden
	Prothrombin G20210A
o	Rare
	Antithrombin deficiency
	Protein C deficiency
	Protein S deficiency
30
Q

screening and heritable thrombophilia

A
  • Majority are not predictive of recurrent events
  • Screening of asymptomatic family members not recommended
  • Limited thrombophilia screening: restricted to high risk heritable thrombophilia (antithrombin deficiency)
31
Q

microvascular thrombus is a result of?

A

platelets and/or fibrin

32
Q

what does microvascular thrombus result in?

A

diffuse ischaemia

33
Q

main cause of microvascular thrombus?

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

34
Q

what is DIC?

A

diffuse systemic coagulation activation

35
Q

when does DIC occur?

A

septicaemia
malignancy
eclampsia

36
Q

what does DIC result in?

A

gangrene
organ failure
consumption of platelets and clotting factors leading to bleeding

Year 3 (164 decks)

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