Children are Not Small Adults Flashcards
What is the UN definition of a child?
every human below the age of 18, unless the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier
how are children different from adults?
physically
physiologically
psychologically
pathology
physiological differences in children: metabolic what does this result in
increased SA:V
increased % water
decreased metabolic reserves
easily become cold, dehydrated and hypoglycaemic
typical presentation of ketotic hypoglycaemia
6-7am hypoglycaemic episode
1-2 yrs old
skinny
intercurrent illness
physiological differences in children: immune system
rebust
MMR, unconjugated pneumococcal vaccine - can’t get until older
need to have infection before becoming immune
what illness is the ultimate test of the immune system?
chickenpox
physiological differences in children: CV
faster pulse and rr
lower BP which is maintained until v shocked
psychological differences in children
- Terrible two’s
- Latent phase
- Adolescence
- Adverse childhood events
- Implications for history taking
- Implications for resilience
list some conditions not seen in adults
- Adnominal migraine
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Croup
- Enuresis
- Febrile convulsion
- Glue ear
- Intraventricular haemorrhage
- Necrotising enterocolitis
- Non-accidental injury
- Sudden unexplained death of infants
- Toddler’s diarrhoea
- Vesico-ureteric reflux
- Viral induced wheeze
list some chronic conditions with childhood onset
- Asthma (COPD)
- Autism
- Cerebral palsy
- Cystic fibrosis
- Gastroschisis
- Hirschsprung’s disease
- Spina bifida
reasons for reduced childhood mortality
- Obstetric care
- Better housing
- Better nutrition
- Immunisation
- ?antibiotics
- ?NHS
common acute medical problems in RACH
- Acute LRTI
- Asthma
- Bronchiolitis
- Croup
- Febrile convulsion
- Fever ?cause
- Gastroenteritis
- URTI
- Vomiting
- Wheeze
decreased birth weight is associated with an increased risk of what?
- Hypertension
- CHD/stroke
- NIDDM
- Renal failure
- Asthma
