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Year 3 > Male and Female Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

Male and Female Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what cells produce sperm?

A

sertoli

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2
Q

what cells produce testosterone?

A

leydig

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3
Q

name the male repro hormones and where they are released from?

A

GnRH - hypothalamus
Gonadotrophins - (FSH, LH) pituitary
testosterone - testis

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4
Q

draw a diagram showing the hormone control and signalling in the male repro system

A

see notes

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5
Q

when does spermatogenesis begin and end?

A

puberty and continues throughout life

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6
Q

approx how many sperm are produced per day?

A

30 million

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7
Q

how long does a full production cycle of sperm last?

A

60-75 days

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8
Q

how long does transport of sperm to the epididymis take?

A

10-14 days

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9
Q

how many sperm/ml of ejaculate?

A

15-100 million

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10
Q

name for low sperm count

A

oligozoospermia

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11
Q

name for no sperm count

A

azoospermia

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12
Q

describe the process of fertilisation

A

a single sperm succeeds in burrowing through the corona radiata and zona pellucida and making contact with the oocyte’s plasma membrane. the sperm’s plasma membrane dfuses with that of the oocyte and the sperm releases its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the oocyte

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13
Q

what cells form the blood testis barrier

A

sertoli

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14
Q

function of the blood testis barrier

A

isolate secondary haploid spermatocytes, speramtids and spermatozoa from the immune system

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15
Q

function of sertoli cells

A

They assist in the physical movement of developing sperm towards the lumen. They help to provide nutrients to sperm. Removal of waste from developing sperm. Remove excess cytoplasm following cell divisions. Sertoli cells provide support from spermiation.

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16
Q

describe the counter current health exchange taking place in the male testis

A

Arterial blood going to the testis enters a dense network of capillaries coming from the testis and epididymis before reaching the spermatic cord. The arterial blood is cooled by the venous blood and helps to maintain a constant testicular temperature.

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17
Q

what factors affect spermatogenesis?

A 
testis temp
endocrine
loss of blood testis barrier
immunoloigcal reactions
environment
medication
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18
Q

what temp should the testis be?

A

2 degree below body

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19
Q

what may affect testis temp?

A

hyperthermia
mumps
viral
and other infections

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20
Q

how may endocrine problems affect spermatogenesis?

A

reduction in gonadotrophins and androgens

anabolic steroids

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21
Q

how may the blood testis barrier be affected?

A

physical damage

autoimmune

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22
Q

how may the environment affect spermatogenesis?

A

occupational - car industry, welders, plastic manufacture, pesticide sprayer
radiation
smoking, alcohol

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23
Q

what medications may affect spermatogenesis?

A

some anti-hypertensives and antidepressants

chemo

24
Q

targets for male androgens

A 
deepen voice
male body hair
increased sebaceous gland activitiy
protein anbolism
CNS - aggressive 
hypothalamus and ant pit
penis - erective, copulatory and ejactulatory
striated muscle
prostate and seminal vesicles
testis
25
Q

male hormone levels: LH

A

1-8 U/L

26
Q

male hormone levels: FSH

A

1-11 U/L

27
Q

male hormone levels: testosterone

A

9-33 mmol/l

28
Q

male hormone levels: inhibin-B

A

140-220 pg/ml

29
Q

with a diagram show the developing female follicle

A

see notes

30
Q

name the two roles of oestrogen

A 
low = neg feedback
high = pos feedback
31
Q

with a diagram describe oogenesis

A

see notes

32
Q

with a diagram describe spermatogenesis

A

see notes

33
Q

draw a diagram showing: gonadotropin levels, ovarian cycle, ovarian hormone levels, urterine cycle, phases, basal body temp of the female cycle

A

see notes

34
Q

where is GnRH released from?

A

hypothalamus

35
Q

funciton of GnRH

A

secretion of LH and FSH

36
Q

where are LH and FSH released from?

A

ant pit

37
Q

function of LH

A

b. Maintain dominant follicle
c. Induce follicular maturation and ovulation
d. Stimulate CL function

38
Q

function of FSH

A

b. Stimulate follicular recruitment and development

39
Q

where is oetradiol released from?

A

granulosa cells

40
Q

fucntion of oestradiol

A

b. Supports female secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive organs
c. Negative feedback control of LH and GnRH except during follicular phase – positive
control of LH surge
d. Stimulates proliferative endometrium
e. Negative control of FSH

41
Q

where is progesterone released from?

A

corpus luteum

42
Q

targets from oestrogens

A 
CNS
ant pit
hypothalamus
fat distribution
mammary gland
bone maturation and turnover
uterus, fallopian tube, cervix, vagina
43
Q

repro hormones in women follicular phase: LH

A

2-9

44
Q

repro hormones in women follicular phase: FSH

A

2-9

45
Q

repro hormones in women follicular phase: oestradiol

A

0.08

46
Q

repro hormones in women follicular phase: progesterone

A

1-4

47
Q

repro hormones in women peak: LH

A

80

48
Q

repro hormones in women peak: FSH

A

13

49
Q

repro hormones in women luteal phase: LH

A

0.5-12

50
Q

repro hormones in women luteal phase: FSH

A

0.5-8

51
Q

repro hormones in women luteal phase: oestradiol

A

0.08-0.9

52
Q

repro hormones in women luteal phase: progesterone

A

12-70

53
Q

repro hormones in women menopause: LH

A

64

54
Q

repro hormones in women menopause: FSH

A

134

55
Q

repro hormones in women menopause: oestradiol

A

0.02 - 0.03

56
Q

repro hormones in women menopause: progesterone

A

0.06-0,02

Year 3 (164 decks)

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