Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 > Joints, Cartilage and Synovial Fluid > Flashcards

Joints, Cartilage and Synovial Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

structural classification of joints

A

fibrous
cartilagenous
synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

give examples of fibrous joints

A

periodontal ligament
cranial sutures
interosseous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the two types of cartilaginous joints

A

primary - synchondrosis

secondary - symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of cartilage is found in a primary cartilaginous joint?

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of cartilage is found in a secondary cartilaginous joint?

A

hyaline and fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

give examples of secondary cartilaginous joint

A

midline - IV discs, pubic symphysis, manubriosternal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

common features of synovial joints

A

cavity
articular cartilage
fibrous capsule
membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what other features of synovial joints may be there?

A

Articular disc
ligaments
bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what types of synovial joints are there?

A 
plane/gliding
condylar - ellipsoid
hinge
saddle
pivot
ball and socket
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

example of plane joint

A

IV discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

example of condylar hoint

A

metacarpophalangeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

example of hinge joint

A

elbow

knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

example of saddle joint

A

carpometacarpal of thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

example of pivot joint

A

proximal and distal radioulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

example of ball and socket joint

A

hip

shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

movements in a plane joint

A

1 plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

movements in a condylar joint

A 
flexion
extension
adduction
abduction
circumduction
18
Q

movements in a hinge joint

A

1 plane

19
Q

movements in a pivot joint

A

1 plane

20
Q

what factors maintain joint stability?

A

shape of the articulating surfaces
capsule
ligaments
muscles

21
Q

describe hyaline cartilage: superficial layer

A

flattened chondrocytes that produce collagen and glycoproteins e.g.lubricin

22
Q

describe hyaline cartilage: transitional layer

A

round chondrocytes that produce proteoglycans such as aggrecan

23
Q

why is 75% of hyaline cartilage composed of water?

A

cannot be compressed

24
Q

what are glycoproteins?

A

lubricin

to which oligosaccharide chains are attached

25
Q

what are proteoglycans?

A

aggrecan

proteins that are heavily glycosylated

26
Q

what is hyaluronic acid?

A

a glycosaminoglycan or GAG, is a long unbranched polysaccharide, which is highly polar and thus attracts water

27
Q

average thickness of articular cartilage?

A

2-3 mm

28
Q

why is healing of cartilage slow?

A

avascular
aneural
alymphatic

29
Q

what produce synovial fluid?

A

synoviocytes

30
Q

describe the synovial membrane and how this helps in function?

A

rich capillary network with no epithelial lining

allows for direct exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and metabolites between blood and synovial fluid

31
Q

type A synoviocytes

A

look like macrophages and remove debris

contribute to synovial fluid production

32
Q

type B synoviocytes

A

fibroblast like

main producers of synovial fluid

33
Q

describe the components of synovial fluid

A

viscous fluid containing hyaluronic acid and lubricin

34
Q

where does synovial fluid come from?

A

blood plasma

35
Q

approx how much synovial fluid is there in the knee?

A

0.5ml

36
Q

turnover of synovial fluid

A

2 hours

37
Q

functions of synovial fluid

A

provide nutrient to the cartilage and remove waste products

lubricin

38
Q

functions of glycoproteins in synovial fluid

A

bind to receptors on the articular surfaces to form a thin film which acts as a boundary for the fluid

39
Q

describe the properties of synovial fluid

A

hydrodynamic
surfaces kept apart by liquid pressure
viscosity of the fluid changes with load and velocity of movement

40
Q

what is weeping in regards to synovial fluid?

A

Fluid that is present in the cartilage is squeezed out into the synovial cavity to increase fluid volume. This is known as weeping.

41
Q

what are bursae and their functions?

A

synovial membranes filled with fluid to reduce friction

42
Q

effect of ageing on synovial joints

A

As we age the viscosity of synovial fluid increases leading to slower joint movements and reduced lubrication. The water content of cartilage decreases therefore there is reduced shock absorption. This all leads to less protection of articular surfaces and increased risk of damage.

Year 3 (164 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions