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Year 3 > Anatomy of the Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

what increases the depth of the acetabulum?

A

fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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2
Q

what part of the head of the femur is not covered in articular cartilage and why?

A

fovea

ligament of the head of the femur

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3
Q

name the 3 ligmaments in the hip capsule

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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4
Q

describe the iliofemoral ligament

A

y shaped

prevents hyperextension

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5
Q

describe the pubofemoral ligament

A

prevents overabduction

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6
Q

describe the ischiofemoral ligament

A

from the ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur

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7
Q

flexors of the hip

A 
• Iliopsoas (Chief flexor of the
hip joint
Others Flexors:
• Sartorius
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Rectus femoris
• Pectineus
• Adductor longus, brevis and
magnus (anterior part)
• Gracillis
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8
Q

hip extensors

A 
• Gluteus maximus
• Hamstrings : 1)Semitendinosus,
2) Semimembranosus
3) Biceps femoris – Long head
• Adductor magnus- posterior part
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9
Q

hip adductors

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus
  • Obturator externus
  • Gracillis
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10
Q

hip abductors and medial rotators

A

• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• Tensor fasciae
latae

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11
Q

hip lateral rotators

A 
• Obturator internus &
externus
• Piriformis
• Gluteus maximus
• Gemelli
• Quadratus femoris
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12
Q

blood and nerve supple of the hip joint

A 
• Medial and lateral
circumflex arteries –
Branches of profunda
femoris artery
• Artery to head of femur –
branch of the obturator
artery
• Nerve supply: Femoral,
obturator and superior
gluteal nerve
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13
Q

name the 5 capsular ligaments of the knee

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. Fibular or lateral collateral
    ligament (FCL)
  3. Tibial or medial collateral
    ligament (TCL)
  4. Oblique popliteal ligament
    -Expansion of
    semimembranosus tendon
  5. Arcuate popliteal ligament
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14
Q

how many bursae surround the knee? how many communicate with the joint cavity?

A

12

4

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15
Q

name the 4 communicating bursae of the knee

A

1) Suprapatellar bursa
2) Popliteal bursa
3) Anserine bursa
4) Gastrocnemius bursa

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16
Q

describe the medial collateral ligament of the knee

A
  • Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
  • Deep fibres of the MCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus
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17
Q

describe the lateral collateral ligament of the knee

A
  • Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

* Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the LCL

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18
Q

what are the intra-articular structures within the knee?

A

cruciate ligaments

menisci

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19
Q

describe the ACL

A
  • Weaker of the two
  • Poor blood supply
  • Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
  • Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee
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20
Q

describe the PCL

A
  • Stronger of the two
  • Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
  • Prevents hyperflexion of the knee
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21
Q

what are the functions of the fibrocartilage menisci?

A

deepen the surface
shock absorption
proprioception
stability

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22
Q

describe the medical mensicus

A

C – shaped, broader posteriorly, and adheres to the deep surface of MCL

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23
Q

describe the lateral mensicus

A

Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus. Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the PCL

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24
Q

how does the knee lock and unlock?

A

• Locking (medial rotation of femur on the tibia) and unlocking (lateral rotation
of femur on the tibia) of knee
• Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee (initial flexion)

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25
Q

knee flexors

A

1) Hamstrings
2) Sartorius
3) Gracillis
4) Gastrocnemius
5) Popliteus

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26
Q

knee extensors

A

quadriceps femoris

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27
Q

what stabilises the hip?

A 
• Static
– Bony morphology
• Congruence
• Anteversion of ball and socket
– Labrum
– -ve intra-articular pressure
• Dynamic
– Musculature(never truly NWB-ing)
28
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: iliopsoas

A

illiac blade/l-spine
lesser trochaneter
L1 ventral ramus/fem n

29
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: rectus femoris

A

AISS/supra-acetabular tubercle
patella
femoral

30
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: sartorius

A

ASIS
pes anserinus
femoral

31
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: pectineus

A

pectineal line of pubis
pectineal line of femur
femoral

32
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: glut max

A

illium, dorsal sacrum
ITB, glut tuberosity
inf glut

33
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: semitinosus

A

ischial tuberosity
pes anserinus
sciatic

34
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: semimembranosus

A

ischial tuberosity
pes anserinus
sciatic

35
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: biceps femoris

A

ischial tuberosity
fibula/lateral tibia
sciatic

36
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: glut med

A

illium
GT
sup glut

37
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: glut min

A

ilium
GT
sup glut

38
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: tensor fascia latae

A

iliac crest
Gerdy’s tubercle/ITB
sup glut

39
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: adductor lognus

A

pubis
linea aspera
obturator

40
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: adductor brevis

A

inf pubic ramus
pectineal line, linea aspera
obturator

41
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: adductor magnus

A

pubic ramus, ischial tub
adductor tubercle
obturator/sciatic

42
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: gracilis

A

body and inf pubic ramus
pes anserinus
obturator

43
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: piriformis

A

ant sacrum
sup greater troch
n to piriformis

44
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: sup gemellus

A

ischial spine
med GT
n to ob int

45
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: inf gemellus

A

ischial spine
medial GT
to ob int

46
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: obturator internus

A

obturator membrane
med GT
n to ob int

47
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: obturator externus

A

obturator membrane
med GT
obturator

48
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: quadratus femoris

A

ischia tub
intertrochanteric crest
n to quad fem

49
Q

describe shenton’s line

A

formed by medial edge of the femoral neck and inferior edge of sup pubic ramis
loss = #NOF

50
Q

blood supply to femoral head

A
  • Capsule via Medial and Lateral Fem. Circumflex
  • Intramedullary
  • Ligamentum Teres via acetabular branch of Obturator Artery
51
Q

management of intracapsular fracture of femur

A 
• Blood supply compromised
• Management based on age of patient, and displacement
– Undisplaced-Fix
– Displaced and Young – Fix
– Displaced and Old – Replace
(either hemiarthroplasty or THR)
52
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: rectus femoris

A

ALLS/sup acetabular rim
tibial tuberosity
femoral

53
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: vastus medialis

A

intertroch line/medial linea aspera
tib tuberosity
femoral

54
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: vastus lateralis

A

GT, lat linea aspera
tib tub
fem

55
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: vastus intermedialis

A

prox femoral shaft
tib tub
fem

56
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: biceps femoris

A

ischial tub/linea aspera
fibula head/lat tibia
sciatic

57
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: semimembranosus

A

ischial tuberosity
pes anserinus
sciatic

58
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: semitendinosus

A

ischial tub
pes anserinus
sciatic

59
Q

origin, insertion, innervation: gastrocenemius

A

med and lat femoral condyles
os calcis vis achilles
S1

60
Q

describe ACL injuries

A 
• Knee buckles during
pivot
• Unable to play on
• Immediate haemarthrosis
• Recurrent instability
• X-ray
– Haemarthrosis
– Segond fracture
61
Q

what does the femoral nerve supply? generally

A

anterior

knee extension

62
Q

what does the obturator nerve supply? generally

A

medial

hip adduction

63
Q

what does the sciatic nerve supply? generally

A

posterior
hip extension, rotation,
knee flexion

64
Q

what does the sup glut nerve supply? generally

A

posterior

hip abduction, extension

65
Q

classic hip dislocation

A

posteriorly
short
internally rotated

66
Q

blood supple to head of femur

A 
• Ligamentum Teres
• Retinacular vessels
• The Trochanteric
anastomosis
• Capsular attachment

Year 3 (164 decks)

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