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Year 3 > Nerve Palsies of the Limbs > Flashcards

Nerve Palsies of the Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

how can nerves be damaged?

A

trapped
injured
compressed

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2
Q

myotome: C5

A

elbow flexors

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3
Q

myotome: C6

A

wrist extensors

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4
Q

myotome: C7

A

elbo extensord

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5
Q

myotome: C8

A

finger extensors

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6
Q

myotome: T1

A

intrinsic hand muscles

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7
Q

myotome: L2

A

hip flexors

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8
Q

myotome: L3

A

knee extensors

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9
Q

myotome: L4

A

ankle dorsiflexors

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10
Q

myotome: L5

A

long toe extensors

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11
Q

myotome: S1

A

ankle plantar flexors

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12
Q

brachial plexus injuries result in:

A

Erb’s palsy
Klumpke’s palsy
total brachial plexus

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13
Q

cause of nerve palsy: axillary

A

secondary to trauma

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14
Q

cause of nerve palsy: radial

A

secondary to compression or entrapment

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15
Q

cause of nerve palsy: medial

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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16
Q

cause of nerve palsy: ulnar

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

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17
Q

draw the brachial plexus

A

see notes

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18
Q

what does C5,6 brachial plexus injury result in?

A

Erb’s palsy

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19
Q

what does C8-T1 brachial plexus injury result in?

A

klumpke’s palsy

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20
Q

describe an erb’s palsy

A

waiter’s tip - shoulder adducted and IR, elbow extended and pronated, wrist flexed

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21
Q

describe a Klumpke’s palsy

A

small muscles of hand - claw hand

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22
Q

nerve roots of musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5,6,7

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23
Q

what cord does the musculocutaneous nerve come from?

A

lateral

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24
Q

describe the course of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

pierces coracobrachialis, then runs inferiorly between biceps and brachialis

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25
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve terminate as?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the forarms

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26
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

anterior capsule of elbow

BBC and skin overlying the insertions of these muscles

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27
Q

what is Hilton’s law?

A

a sensory nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles moving the joint and the skin overlying the insertions of these muscles

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28
Q

nerve roots of the axillary nerve

A

C5,6

29
Q

what cord does the axillary nerve come from?

A

posterior

30
Q

fracture of what part of the humerus may cause injury to the axillary nerve?

A

surgical neck

31
Q

what does the axillary nerve supply?

A

deltoid
teres mino
skin over lateral arm

32
Q

injury to the axillary nerve results in atrophu of what muscle?

A

deltoid

33
Q

nerve roots of the radial nerve

A

C5,6,7,8,T1

34
Q

what cord does the radial nerve come from?

A

posterior

35
Q

where does the radial nerve rum?

A

radial groove of humerus as it passes from edial to lateral

36
Q

what does the radial nerve supply?

A

triceps
brachioradialis
ECRL
ECRB

37
Q

radial nerve palsy: axilla

A

loss of elbow extension, wrist extension, and sensory changes in forearm and hand

38
Q

radial nerve palsy: arm

A

loss of wrist extension and sensory loss

39
Q

radial nerve palsy: forearm

A

loss of finger extension (PIN)

40
Q

radial nerve palsy: wrist

A

loss of sensation (SRN) e.g. handcuffs

41
Q

nerve roots of medial nerve

A

C5,6,7,8,T1

42
Q

what cord does the median nerve come from?

A

medial and lateral

43
Q

what does the median nerve supply

A

flexors of the forearm except FCU and medial half of FDP
LOAF - lat 2 lumbricals, APB, OP, FDB
sensation to radial 3.5 digits

44
Q

floor of carpal tunnel

A

carpal bones

45
Q

roof of carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

46
Q

contents of carpal tunnel

A

FDS x 4
FDP x 4
FPL
median nerve

47
Q

causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A 
developmental
trauma
distal radius fracture
ganglion
fibroma
lipoma
inflammatory - rheumatoid, Gout, TB, amyloid
metabolic - pregnancy, mucopolysaccharidoses, hypothyroidism
48
Q

signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

nocturnal pain
parasethesia
in part or all of the median nerve distribution
wasting of the thenar muscles

49
Q

tests for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

tinnels

phalen’s

50
Q

nerve roots of the ulnar nerve

A

C8, T1

51
Q

what cord does the ulnar nerve come from?

A

medial cord

52
Q

how does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm

A

between the two ends of FCU

53
Q

what does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

medial half of FDP
FCU
intrinsic muscles of hand except LOAF
sensation to ulnar 1.5 digits

54
Q

where is the cubital tunnel found?

A

between medial epicondyle and olecranon with fascial bands from FCU as roof

55
Q

symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome

A 
• Patient has numbness on ulnar side of hand and difficulty with
fine tasks
• Wasting of muscles
o 1st webspace
o Guttering
o Hypothenar wasting
56
Q

describe ulnar claw hand

A

hyperextension at MCPJ, flexion at IPJs

57
Q

what is the ulnar paradox?

A

a distal lesion has worse clawing than a proximal lesion due to intact long flexors

58
Q

the sacral plexus is formed from the ventral rami of?

A

L4-S4

59
Q

what does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A

gluteus medius and minimus

TFL

60
Q

what does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

A

gluteus maximus

61
Q

nerve roots of sciatic nerve?

A

L4,5,S1,2,3

62
Q

what does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

tibial and common peroneal nerve

63
Q

what does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

hamstring muscles in posterior comparment of thigh

64
Q

where does the common peroneal nerve wrap around?

A

neck of fibula

65
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior leg compartment?

A

deep peroneal

66
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral leg compartment?

A

superficial peroneal

67
Q

name the main branches of the lumbar lexus

A

LFCN
femoral
obturator

68
Q

what is meralgia parasthetica?

A

• Altered sensation and pain in the lateral thigh
• Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of
thigh as it travels under lateral border of inguinal
ligament

Year 3 (164 decks)

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