Personality Disorders Flashcards
approx prevalence of personality disorders in community
10%
approx prevalence of personality disorders in GP
20%
approx prevalence of personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients
30%
approx prevalence of personality disorders in psychiatric inpatients
40%
approx prevalence of personality disorders in prisons?
up to 80%
what are the dominant features of cluster A personality disorders?
prominent problems are with the perceived safety of interpersonal relationships
name cluster A personality disorders
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
Paranoid personality disorder
what is schizoid personality disorder?
A. A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of
expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in
a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 or more of the following:
a. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
b. Almost always chooses solitary activities
c. Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person
d. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
e. Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
f. Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
g. Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive
disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder
and is not attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition
C. Notes: if criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, add “premorbid” i.e. paranoid
personality disorder (premorbid)
what is schizotypal personality disorder?
A. A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and
reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and
eccentricities of behaviour, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts,
as indicated by five or more of the following:
a. Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
b. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behaviour and is inconsistent with
subcultural norms
c. Unusually perceptual experience, including bodily illusions
d. Odd thinking and speech (e.g. vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, over-elaborate, or
stereotyped)
e. Suspicious or paranoid ideation
f. Inappropriate or constricted affect
g. Behaviour or appearance that is odd, eccentric or peculiar
h. Lack of close friends or confidants other than first degree relatives
i. Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be
associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self
B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive
disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder
C. Notes: if criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, add “premorbid” i.e. paranoid
personality disorder (premorbid)
what is paranoid personality disorder?
A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of other such that their motives are interpreted as
maleovant, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by
four or more of the following:
a. Suspects without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming or deceiving him
or her
b. Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends
or associates
c. Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will
be used maliciously against him or her
d. Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
e. Persistently bears grudges (i.e. is unforgiving of insults, injuries or slights
f. Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others
and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack
g. Has recurrent suspicious, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual
partner
B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive
disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder and is not attributable to the
physiological effects of another medical condition
C. Notes: if criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, add “premorbid” i.e. paranoid
personality disorder (premorbid)
what is the dominant problems in cluster B personality disorders?
keeping feeling tolerable without acting
name cluster B personality disorders
narcisstic personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
histrionic personality disorder
describe narcisstic personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy ot behaviour), need for admiration and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following
1. has a grandiose sense of self-importance e.g. exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognised as superior without commensurate achievements
(2) is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love;
(3) believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other
special or high-status people (or institutions);
(4) requires excessive admiration;
(5) has a sense of entitlement; unreasonable expectations of especially favourable treatment or automatic
compliance with his or her expectations;
(6) is interpersonally exploitative, takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends;
(7) lack of empathy; unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others;
(8) is often envious of others or believe that others are envious of him or her.
(9) arrogant, haughty behaviours or attitudes
describe borderline personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 5 or more of the following:
A. The general criteria of personality disorder (F60) must be met.
B. At least three of the following must be present, one of which is (2):
(1) A marked tendency to act unexpectedly and without consideration of the consequences.
(2) A marked tendency to quarrelsome behaviour and to conflicts with others, especially when impulsive acts
are thwarted or criticized.
(3) Liability to outbursts of anger or violence, with inability to control the resulting behavioural explosions.
(4) Difficulty in maintaining any course of action that offers no immediate reward.
(5) Unstable and capricious mood.
A. The general criteria of personality disorder (F60) must be met.
B. At least three of the symptoms mentioned above in criterion B (F60.30) must be present, and in addition at
least two of the following:
(6) Disturbances in and uncertainty about self-image, aims and internal preferences (including sexual).
(7) Liability to become involved in intense and unstable relationships, often leading to emotional crises.
(8) Excessive efforts to avoid abandonment.
(9) Recurrent threats or acts of self-harm.
(10) Chronic feelings of emptiness.
describe antisocial personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others since age 15
Personality disorder characterized by disregard for social obligations, and callous unconcern for the feelings of others. There is gross disparity between behaviour and the prevailing social norms. Behaviour is not readily modifiable by adverse experience, including punishment. There is a low tolerance to frustration and a low threshold for discharge of aggression, including violence; there is a tendency to blame others, or to offer plausible rationalizations for the behaviour bringing the patient into conflict with society.
Personality (disorder): amoral antisocial asocial psychopathic sociopathic
