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Year 3 > Haemostasis > Flashcards

Haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

what does the endothelium of blood vessels produce?

A 
heparins
TFPI - Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
thrombomodulin
NO
Prostacyclin
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2
Q

what forms a clot?

A

platelets
vWF
Coagulation factors

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3
Q

what makes sure that a clot remains confined to the site of injury?

A

natural anticoagulants

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4
Q

what signals cause the resting platelets and coagulation factors to become activated?

A

abnormal surface

physiological activator

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5
Q

first stage in vessel damage (use diagram)

A

Platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen

von willebrand factor sticks to collagen and platelets

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6
Q

what does the subendothelial collagen produce?

A

physiological activator

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7
Q

what cell surface receptors are found of platelets?

A

ADP receptor
Epinephrine receptor
thrombin receptor

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8
Q

what platelet glycoproteins are found on the surface?

A

VI
Ia/IIa/
Ib/V/IX
IIb/IIIa

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9
Q

on platelets what does IIb/IIIa bind to?

A

fibrinogen

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10
Q

on platelets what does Ib bind to?

A

vWF

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11
Q

on platelets what does Ia/IIa bind to?

A

collagen

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12
Q

name the roles of platelets in haemostasis

A

adhere
activation
aggregation
provide phospholipid surface for coagulation

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13
Q

using a diagram describe the process of platelet adherance

A

see notes

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14
Q

using a diagram describe the process of platelet activation

A

see notes

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15
Q

using a diagram describe the process of platelet aggregation

A

see notes

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16
Q

using a diagram describe the process of platelet coagulation

A

see notes

17
Q

vWF has binding sites for?

A

FVII
GPIb
Heparin
Collagen

18
Q

what factors are necessary for clotting?

A 
F XII
XI
IX
VIII
X
Prothrombin
fibrinogen
19
Q

what factor is deficient in haemophilia B?

A

IX

20
Q

what factor is deficient in haemophilia A?

A

VIII

21
Q

describe the extrinsic pathway of fibrin formation

A

see notes

22
Q

describe the intrinsic pathway of fibrin formation

A

see notes

23
Q

name the most natural important anticoagulants

A

Antithrombin
TFPI
Activated protein C=protein S

24
Q

using a diagram describe the actions of TFPI in anticoagulation

A

binds to and inactivates VIIa and Xa

25
Q

using a diagram describe the actions of proteins C and S in anticoagulation

A

Va

26
Q

using a diagram describe the actions of AT in anticoagulation

A 
thrombin
XIa
IXa
VIIIa
Xa
27
Q

using a diagram describe the process of fibrinolysis including natural inhibitors

A

endothelial cells produce plasminogen activators
tissue plasminogen activator = tPA
plasminogen has bridge which is cleaved by TPA to plasmin
plasmin breaks the fibrin clot down
degradation products
d-dimer = fibrin broken down by plasmin
natural inhibitors of plasminogen and plasmin
a2-antiplasmin can be issue in liver transplantation which ends up excessive fibrinolysis therefore bleeding occurs

28
Q

using a diagram describe the MoA of aspirin

A

see notes

29
Q

using a diagram describe the MoA of clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor

A

see notes

30
Q

using a diagram describe the MoA of abciximab/tirofibal/eptifivatide

A

see notes

31
Q

using a diagram describe the MoA of warfarin

A

Warfarin decreases blood clotting by blocking an enzyme called vitamin K epoxide reductase that reactivates vitamin K1.[5]Without sufficient active vitamin K1, clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X have decreased clotting ability.

32
Q

using a diagram describe the MoA of heparins

A

see notes

33
Q

using a diagram describe the MoA of rivaroxaban/edoxaban/apixaban

A

see notes

34
Q

when are the DOACS commonly used?

A

prevention of stroke, systemic emboli in AF

35
Q

using a diagram describe the MoA of dabigatran/bivalirudin/argatroan

A

see notes

Year 3 (164 decks)

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