Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 1- Anatomy > Thorax and Diaphragm > Flashcards

Thorax and Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture/anatomical thoracic inlet bound by? (4)

A
  1. T1 posteriorly
    2, First pair of ribs laterally
  2. Costal cartilage of the first rib anteriorly
  3. Superior border of the manubrium anteriorly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture/thoracic outlet bound by? (4)

A
  1. T12 posteriorly
  2. 11th and 12th pair of ribs
  3. Costal cartilage of ribs 7 through 10 anteriorly
  4. Xiphisternal joint anteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the thoracic cage do?

A

Protects heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

`What level is the sternal angle at?

A

At the lower border of T4 vertebra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the bones of the thoracic cage?

A

Sternum
12 pairs of ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the manubriosternal joint pass through?

A

T4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the structure of the 1st rib.

A

Broad and flat with it’s surfaces looking upwards and downwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the one articular facet of the first rib for?

A

Articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra (T1).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two shallow grooves of the upper surface of the first rib separated by?

A

Scalene tubercle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two grroves of the upper surface of the body of the first rib for?

A

Attachment of the anterior scalene muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the anterior groove lodge?

A

Subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the posterior groove lodge?

A

Subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is any joint between the rib and the vertebra?

A

Synovial plane joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of joint are the joints between two vertebral bodies?

A

Secondary cartilaginous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

Body of the thoracic vertebra of the same number as well as the body of the vertebra above it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the joint in which the head of the rib articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebra of the same number as well as the body of the vertebra above it.

A

Costovertebral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Costovertebral joints=?

A

Synovial plane joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the tubercle of a rib articulate with?

A

The transverse process of the thoracic vertebra of the same number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the tubercle of a rib articulate w the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra of the same number?

A

Costotransverse joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Costotransverse joints=?

A

Synovial plane joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts?

A

It goes up (rlly good anatomical vocab here)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Do bucket handle and pump handle movements occur on inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why does bucket handle and pump handle movements occur on inspiration?

A

To increase volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the thoracic wall?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries
Anterior intercostal arteries
Branches of axillary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe posterior intercostal arteries
Branch of mainly descending thoracic aorta
26
Describe anterior intercostal arteries
Branch of internal thoracic artery
27
List the different opart of the venous drainage system of the thoracic wal.
Azygos Hemiazygos accessory hemiazygos venous system Internal thoracic veins
28
Name the space between ribs.
Intercostal space
29
List the muscles around the thoracic wall.
External intercostal muscles Internal intercostal muscles Innermost intercostal muscles Subcostalis Transversus thoracis.
30
Name the three things under the costal groove of a rib.
Intercostal vein, artery and nerve
31
Where does the left side of the thoracic wall drain to?
Thoracic duct via left subclavian vein
32
Where does the right side of the thoracic wall drain to?
Right lymphatic duct via right subclavian artery
33
How does the breast get drained via the lymphatic system?
cava
34
What is the dermatome of the nipple?
T4
35
What divides the mediastinum into the upper and lower mediastinum?
Transverse thoracic plane
36
Which ribs are in the upper mediastinum?
T1-4
37
Which ribs are in the lower mediastinum?
T5-T12
38
Name the three peripheral attachments of the diaphragm.
1. Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments 2. Costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 3. Xiphoid processes of the sternum
39
Name the one central attachment of the diaphragm.
Central tendon
40
Name the parts of the diaphragm which arise from the vertebrae and are tendinous in structure.
Right and left crura
41
Where does the right crus arise from?
L1-L3
42
Some fibres from the right crus surround the oesophageal opening. What does this help to prevent?
Reflex of gastric contents back to the oesophagus.
43
Where does the left crus arise from?
L1-L2 and their intervertebral discs
44
What is the primary muscle of inspiration?
Diaphragm.
45
What happens to the diaphragm during inspritaion?
It contracts and descends meaning the domes flatten. This increases the vertical diamter of the thoracic cavaity.
46
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
Diaphragm relaxes and thoracic volume decreases.
47
Define hiatus.
Opening
48
List the levels of the three hiatuses of the diaphragm.
T8 T10 T12
49
What opening is at T8?
Caval opening
50
Which opening is at the T10?
Oesphageal hiatus
51
Which opening is at T12?
Aortic hiatus
52
Describe the caval opening
Passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm
53
Describe the oesophageal hiatus.
Located through the muscular sling of the right crus
54
Describe the aortic hiatus.
Between the left and right crus
55
What does the caval opening transmit?
The inferior vena cava
56
What does the oesophageal hiatus transmit?
Oesophagus and vagus nerves
57
What does the aortic hiatus transmit?
Aorta, azygoes vein, hemiazygos vein and thoracic duct
58
What are the nerve roots of thephrenic nerve?
Anterior rami of C3, C4 (mainly) and C5.
59
What type of nerve is the phrenic nerve
Motor and sensory
60
What is the motor function of the phrenic nerve?
Pierces and innervates the diaphragm.
61
What are the sensory functions of the phrenic nerve?
Supplies the central part of the diaphragm.
62
What are the peripheral portions of the diaphragm also innervated by?
Sensory fibres of intercostal nerves T7-T12.
63
* At what vertebral level does the larynx terminate inferiorly, and the trachea begins?
C6
64
* At what vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate into the left and right main bronchi?
T5 most commonly
65
What is a true rib?
Rib which directly attaches to the sternum w their costal cartilage
66
What is a false rib?
Ribs which articulate indirectly w the sternum
67
What is a floating rib?
A rib which is only attached to the vertebrae.
68
Which ribs are true?
Ribs 1-7
69
Which ribs are false?
Ribs 8-10
70
Which ribs are floating?
Ribs 11 and 12
71
What are the root values for the intercostal nerves?
hopefully found out at anatomy

Year 1- Anatomy (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions