Lymphatic System

Question 1

Where are lymph nodes found?

Answer 1

Mostly in fat

Question 2

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

1. Tissue drainage
2. Return of plasma and plasma proteins
3. Absorbed fat content from gut
4. Immuinity

Question 3

How much lymph is drained / day?

Answer 3

8L/Day

Question 4

What makes up the majority of lympth?

Answer 4

Plasma and plasma protein

Question 5

What do lymph nodes do?

Answer 5

Play a vital role in your body’s ability to fight off infections.

They function as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria and other causes of illnesses before they can infect other parts of your body.

Question 6

Describe the composition of the lymphatic system.

Answer 6

Lymph is fluid and plasma proteins only, but gains lymphocytes as it flows through Lymphatic capillaries and channels.

Fats added in small intestine.

Question 7

Why does the flow of fluid into the extraceelular space increase during infection?

Answer 7

Due to protein accumulation (osmosis), this drives increased lymph flow and therefore immune response in nodes, as more antigens are presented and phagocytosis occurs.

Question 8

describe the flow of the lymphatic system.

Answer 8

Flow is similar to that in veins, relying upon muscle contraction, pressure changes and gravity.

Question 9

Discuss lymph nodes (ik im sorry idk what to ask)

Answer 9

Lymph nodes can be isolated or grouped. Groups occur at the bases of major arterial trunks.
About half of the 8L/Day of lymph produced is re-absorbed in lymph nodes.

Question 10

What does a lymph node consist of?

Answer 10

Mass of lymphatic tissue which is surrounded by a fibrous capsule.
Ecah lymph node is connected to an incoming and outcoming lymph vessel.

Question 11

How many lymph nodes in a young adult?

Answer 11

450

Question 12

How many of the lymph nodes that a young adult has are associated with mesenteries?

Answer 12

250

Question 13

Give an example of a superficial lymph node.

Answer 13

Inguinal lympth nodes

->located in adn around the femoral triangle at the base of the lower limb.

Question 14

Name a primary tumour of lymph nodes

Answer 14

Hodgkin;s lymphomas

Question 15

What are secondary tumours of lympth nodes a result of?

Answer 15

Metastasis of other sites

Question 16

All lymph nodes congregates into how many lymph ducts?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What do lympth ducts empty into?

Answer 17

The venous system at the jugular/subclavion junction.

Question 18

Deep lymphatic drainage follows the routes of what

Answer 18

Arterial supply.

Question 19

Describe drainage from limbs, head, neck and trunk.

Answer 19

Symmetrical

Question 20

Describe the fat transport from the gut.

Answer 20

Lymph returning from the small intestine is laden with absorbed fats, which will also drain to the SVC and eventually to the liver for absorption.

Question 21

List the areas where lymphocytes are generated and mature.

Answer 21

Thymus and Bone marrow (1o)
Spleen (2o)
Lymph nodes (2o)
Peyer’s patches (2o)
Tonsils

o=degree sig

Question 22

Wha is the largest lymphatic organ?

Answer 22

Spleen

Question 23

What does the spleen contain?

Answer 23

Large amount of bood which is routinely discharged via smooth muscle action.

Question 24

Where is there no lymph drainage?

Answer 24

No lymph drainage from epithelium, cartilage, bone or central nervous system, or from the majority of the spleen and liver.

Question 25

Where does the thoracic duct arise from?

Answer 25

Cisterna chyli

Question 26

Which vertebral level does the thoracic duct arise from?

Answer 26

L1

Question 27

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain from?

Answer 27

The right upper limb

Question 28

Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph from?

Answer 28

Left lower quadrant of the body

Question 29

What type of tissue is a lymph node composed of?

Answer 29

Secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 30

Where do the lower limbs, pelvis and abdomen and left side of thorax, left side of head and neck, left upper limb all drain from?

Answer 30

Drains via the thoracic duct.

Question 31

What does the union of the jugular vein and subclavian vein form?

Answer 31

Brachiocephalic vein.

Question 32

Where does the lymph in the right upper limbs, side of thorax etc drain to?

Answer 32

Right lymphatic duct

Question 33

Why is the lymphatic system unidirectional?

Answer 33

Because of valves

Question 34

Name two cells found in the lymphatic system.

Answer 34

Lymphocytes
Macrophages

Question 35

What does lymph do?

Answer 35

Carries lymph from spaces between cells to the venous system

Question 36

What is the largest lymph vessel?

Answer 36

Thoracic duct

Question 37

Where do lymphocytes produced in the bone marrow mature?

Answer 37

In bone marrow or the thymus gland

Question 38

At which vertebral level does the thoracic duct commence at?

Answer 38

L1