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Year 1- Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

-Localise the cell bodies to certain areas
-Convey the correct autonomic neurotansmitters to target substances
-To widely distribute autonomic fibrs to all parts of the body.

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2
Q

what is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic ANS?

A

Noradreneline and acetly choline

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3
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic ANS?

A

Acetyl Choline

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4
Q

What structure distributes autonomic fibres to the organs in the abdomen?

A

Prevertebral ganglia

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5
Q

How many motor neurons are there in the ANS?

A

2- one preganglia and one postganglia

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6
Q

Describe post-ganglia motor neurons.

A

After the ganglia nd promotes the correct neurotransmitter for the response.

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7
Q

In the SNS, are the neruons reching the taregt organ myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Myelinated

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8
Q

In the ANS, are the neruons reching the taregt organ myelinated or unmyelinated

A

Unmyelinated

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9
Q

Where is the lateral hor present?

A

In the spinal cord in between T1-L2/3

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10
Q

Sympathetic flow=?

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

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11
Q

If the spinal cord ends between L1/2, how do we get nerves to L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4, etc?

A

Differential growth of vertebral column vs spinal cord – nerves are named according to where they emerge from the vertebral column.

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12
Q

Which nerves from the spinal section are symapthetic?

A

Nerves from lateral horn between T1 and L2/3 spinal segments

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13
Q

What do sympathetic nerves do?

A

Synapse in a sympathetic ganglion – thoracolumbar outflow

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14
Q

Where do the lateral horns of the spinal crd gegments S2-4 lie at?
At they sympathetic or parasympathetuc?

A

T12-L1
Parasympathetic

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15
Q

Which nerves from the spinal section are parasymapthetic?

A

S2-S4 spinal segements

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16
Q

What do parasympathetic nerves do?

A

Synapse in a parasympathetic ganglion in the pelvis - sacral outflow.

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17
Q

Summaris the nerve cell bodies found in the lateral horn.

A

Sympathetic nerve cll bodies from L1-L2/3 spinal segments AND parasympathetic nerve cell fibres from S2-S4 spinal segments.

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18
Q

All 31 pairs of spinal nerves have sympathetic fibres in them.

BUT sympathetic fibres only emerge between T1-L2/3.

So how do the other spinal nerves above and below T1-L2/3 receive their sympathetic fibres?

A

Sympathetic fibres from T1-L2/3 are spread through the bilateral SYMPATHETIC CHAINS, which run paravertebrally from C1-Cc1.
Thus, this is a mass distribution mechanism for sympathetic supply to all parts of the body.

They will travel up the chain and synapse onto the target part of the body.

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19
Q

Checking you read that soz b-

How do sympathetic fibres spread?

A

Using bilateral sympathetic chains hehe

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20
Q

Where does the biltaeral sympathetic chain run?

A

Paravertebrally from C1-Cc1

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21
Q

How do the spinal nerves commuinicate w the sympathetic chain ganglia?

A

Through the grey and white rami commuiniantes.

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22
Q

Describe the white rami communicante.

A

Myelinated and preganglionic.
From spinal nerve to symapthetic chain.

23
Q

Describe the grey rami communicante.

A

Unmyelinated and postganglionic.
From sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve.

24
Q

If sympathetic fibres only originate between T1-L2(3), how do parts of the body above and below T1-L2/3 receive sympathetic innervation?

A

Some preganglionic fibres from T1-L2/3 can travel up or down the sympathetic chain without synapsing there to synapse at a sympathetic ganglion lying at a level higher of lower than T1-L2/3, and only enter the spinal nerve at that level, eg. at C4 or L4, etc.

Thus, by means of the SC, all parts of the body from head to toe receives sympathetic supply. Therefore, every spinal nerve from C1 – Cc1 contains sensory and motor fibres as well as sympathetic fibres.

25
Q

In the spinal nerve, T10, what do the dorsal and ventral rami contain?

A

somatic sensory & motor fibres

BUT

also contain postganglionic sympathetic fibres coming from the T10 sympathetic chain ganglion.

26
Q

What are the three otpions for sympathetic fibres emerging from the lateral horn in the sympathetic chain?

A
  1. Synapse in the chain at the same level as they originate
  2. Run up or down the chain and synpase at a higher or lower level.
  3. Pass through the sympathetic chain without synpasing and instead, synapse in an autonomic ganglion in the abdomen lying outside the SC.
27
Q

What are splanchnic nerves?

A

Preganglionic fibres which supply organs.

28
Q

Sympathetic supply to the face and head

So how do nerves above C1 recieve sympathetic supply if the sympathetic chain beins at C1?

A

After synapsing in one of the 3 cervical ganglia, the sympathetic fibres from T1-L2/3 utilise the blood vessels going to the head and face by “climbing up” them.

29
Q

What happens if sympathetic fibres become damaged or stretched?

A

Produce a triad of main symtoms knwos as Horner’s sydrome.

30
Q

Name the three symptoms of Horner’s syndrome.

A

Partial ptosis (when the upper eyelid droops over the eye)
Miosis (excessive constriction (shrinking) of your pupil)
Anhydrosis (no sweating).

31
Q

what is partial ptosis?

A

Drooping of upper eyelid.

32
Q

What is miosis?

A

Constriction of the pupil.

33
Q

What is adhydrosis?

A

Decreased sweating

34
Q

Where in the spinal cord do autonomic nerve cell bodies go?`

A

Lateral horn.

35
Q

Where does the body localise sympathetic autonomic cell bodies?

A

T1-L2/3

36
Q

Where does the body localise the parasympathetic cell bodies?

A

S2-S4

37
Q

What is the main channel for distribution of autonomic fibres?

A

Sympathetic chain

38
Q

Where does the ganglia for the parasympathetic NS lie?

A

Within target organs.

39
Q

Describe how the spinal nerves communicate with the sympathetic chain

A

-White rami commuinicnates leave the ventral root.
-Synapses in the sympathetic ganglia where it becomes grey rami communicantes.
-Leaves via the ventral ramus to supply parts of the body.

40
Q

How do pain (nociceptive) and sensory impulses from organs run back to the spinal cord?

A

Mainly in sympathetic afferent fibres (and in the pelvis also in parasympathetic afferent fibres) via the dorsal root.

41
Q

The S2, S3, and S4 spinal nerves carrying parasympathetic fibres to pelvic organs are commonly referred to as..?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves.

42
Q

Where do the pelvic splanchnic nerve cell bodies reside?

A

In the lateral horn of the spinal cord in the L2-3 spinal segments, but emerge from the vertebral column between S2-S4 .

43
Q

In the sympathetic ganglia, is the preganglionic fibre or the postganglionic fibre longer?

A

Postganglionic fibre.

44
Q

In the parasympathetic ganglia, is the preganglionic fibre or the postganglionic fibre longer?

A

Presympathetic

45
Q

Describe somatic sensation.

A

Conscious, sharp, well-localised.

46
Q

Give examples of somatic sensations.

A

Touch, pain, temperature, pressure.

47
Q

Describe visceral sensation.

A

Often unconscious.
If conscious, dull and poorly-localised.

48
Q

Give examples of visceral sensation.

A

Distention, blood gas, blood pressure, cramping, irritants.

49
Q

We have 7 cervical vertebrae but 8 cervical nerves. How do we get that?

A

C1 nerve emerges from vertebral column between the skull and C1 vertebra.

50
Q

Between which cervical vertebrae does nerve C4 emerge?

A

Between vertebrae C3 and C4.

51
Q

The adult spinal cord ends at L1/L2. How is it then that we get nerves named L3, L4, L5, etc.?

A

The above nerves emerge from the spinal cord at L1/2 but are are named according to where they emerge from the vertebral column, not the spinal cord, due to differential growth of the cord vs the column.

52
Q

Where do parasympathetic postganglionic fibres synapse?

A

In or close to the organs that they supply

53
Q

Compare the length of preganglionic parasympathetic compared to corresponding postganglionic fibres.

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres are longer than their corresponding postganglionic fibres

Year 1- Anatomy (30 decks)

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