Bones Revised Flashcards
Name the point of attachement between axial and appendicuar skeleton.
Limb girdles
What line the medullary canal?
Endosteum
What is the function of a sesamoid bone??
Protects tendons and prevents excessive wear and tear.
Name the two types of bone.
Cortical (compact)
Trabecular (spongy)
Name the three parts of a long bone.
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
What divides the epiphysis and metaphysis?
Epiphysial plate/
What is the epiphysial plate made of?
Thin layer of cartilage
What is another word for the shaft of a bone?
Diaphysis
Which part of the bone contains the epiphyseal growth plate?
Metaphysis
Name the large, smooth part of a bone which articulates with other bones.
Condyle
Name the small, rough part of a bone which is an attachment for ligaments
Epicondyle
What is compact bone composed of?
Haversian systems
Name the type of fibrous connective tissue which surrounds bone.
Periosteum
Which cells produce bone?
Osteoblasts
What is an increase in bone width called?
Appositional growth
What is an increase in bone length called?
Interstitial growth
What gives rise to appositional bone growth?
Periosteum
What gives rise to interstitial bone growth?
Epiphyseal growth plate
What does it mean when the epiphyseal growth plate has fully disappeared?
Bone has completely ossified and reached adult size.
Give three examples of structures which contain hyaline cartilage.
Ribs
Nose
Trachea
Give two examples of structures which have fibrous cartilage.
Intervertebral discs
Some ligaments
Give two examples of structures with elastic cartilage
External ear
Epiglottis
Describe the function of a long bone.
Weight bearing and assists with movement
Describe the short bones.
Cube shaped bones
Describe the function of a flat bone.
Protection of organs
Give an example of a long bone.
Femur
Radius
Ulna
Tibia
Fibula
Give an example of a short bone.
Tarsals
Carsals
Give an example of a sesamoid bone.
Patella
Give an example of an irregular bone
Vertebrae
Pelvic bones
Give an example of a flat bone.
Skull
Ribs
Sternum
What is the function of osteoclasts?
Resorb bone matrix.
Where are osteoclasts found?
Surface of cells
How are osteocytes formed?
When osteoblasts are surrounded by matrix.
What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
Minerals
Protein (collagen)
Water
What occurs when bone resorption > formation?
Osteoporosis
What occurs when there is an increase in resorption/formation?
Paget’s Disease
What occurs when there is an decrease in resorption?
Osteopetrosis
What are Howship’s lacunae
Resorption pits
Name the two types of ossification.
Endochondral
Intramembranous
Which type of ossification does not involve a cartilage model?
Intramembranous ossification
Where is the primary ossification centre formed?
Diaphysis
Which type of bone growth can occur in the adult?
Appositional
->Growth in width. Interstitial growth should have been completed by adulthood
What is the function of bone?
- Protection
- Movement
- Blood supply
- Stores minerals
How does bone help blood supply?
Red blood cells formed in red bone marrow
Where would you find yellow bone marrow?
Medullary canal
What kind of structure is compact bone organised in?
Circular structures (Haversian systems or osteons)
What are hydroxyapatite crystals?
Complex form of calcium phosphate
What does collagen provide bones with?
Some flexibility which reduces fractures
Describe bone turnover.
Old/damaged bones are broken down by osteoclasts and replaced w new bone by osteoblasts.
Which cells initiate calcification?
Osteoblasts
What do canaliculi do within osteocytes?
Connect lacunae allowing communication within cells.
What is bone mostly made of?
Type 1 collagen
