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Year 1- Anatomy > Bones Revised > Flashcards

Bones Revised Flashcards

1
Q

Name the point of attachement between axial and appendicuar skeleton.

A

Limb girdles

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2
Q

What line the medullary canal?

A

Endosteum

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3
Q

What is the function of a sesamoid bone??

A

Protects tendons and prevents excessive wear and tear.

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4
Q

Name the two types of bone.

A

Cortical (compact)
Trabecular (spongy)

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5
Q

Name the three parts of a long bone.

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

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6
Q

What divides the epiphysis and metaphysis?

A

Epiphysial plate/

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7
Q

What is the epiphysial plate made of?

A

Thin layer of cartilage

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8
Q

What is another word for the shaft of a bone?

A

Diaphysis

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9
Q

Which part of the bone contains the epiphyseal growth plate?

A

Metaphysis

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10
Q

Name the large, smooth part of a bone which articulates with other bones.

A

Condyle

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11
Q

Name the small, rough part of a bone which is an attachment for ligaments

A

Epicondyle

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12
Q

What is compact bone composed of?

A

Haversian systems

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13
Q

Name the type of fibrous connective tissue which surrounds bone.

A

Periosteum

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14
Q

Which cells produce bone?

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

What is an increase in bone width called?

A

Appositional growth

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16
Q

What is an increase in bone length called?

A

Interstitial growth

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17
Q

What gives rise to appositional bone growth?

A

Periosteum

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18
Q

What gives rise to interstitial bone growth?

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

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19
Q

What does it mean when the epiphyseal growth plate has fully disappeared?

A

Bone has completely ossified and reached adult size.

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20
Q

Give three examples of structures which contain hyaline cartilage.

A

Ribs
Nose
Trachea

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21
Q

Give two examples of structures which have fibrous cartilage.

A

Intervertebral discs
Some ligaments

22
Q

Give two examples of structures with elastic cartilage

A

External ear
Epiglottis

23
Q

Describe the function of a long bone.

A

Weight bearing and assists with movement

24
Q

Describe the short bones.

A

Cube shaped bones

25
Q

Describe the function of a flat bone.

A

Protection of organs

26
Q

Give an example of a long bone.

A

Femur
Radius
Ulna
Tibia
Fibula

27
Q

Give an example of a short bone.

A

Tarsals
Carsals

28
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone.

A

Patella

29
Q

Give an example of an irregular bone

A

Vertebrae
Pelvic bones

30
Q

Give an example of a flat bone.

A

Skull
Ribs
Sternum

31
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Resorb bone matrix.

32
Q

Where are osteoclasts found?

A

Surface of cells

33
Q

How are osteocytes formed?

A

When osteoblasts are surrounded by matrix.

34
Q

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

A

Minerals
Protein (collagen)
Water

35
Q

What occurs when bone resorption > formation?

A

Osteoporosis

36
Q

What occurs when there is an increase in resorption/formation?

A

Paget’s Disease

37
Q

What occurs when there is an decrease in resorption?

A

Osteopetrosis

38
Q

What are Howship’s lacunae

A

Resorption pits

39
Q

Name the two types of ossification.

A

Endochondral
Intramembranous

40
Q

Which type of ossification does not involve a cartilage model?

A

Intramembranous ossification

41
Q

Where is the primary ossification centre formed?

A

Diaphysis

42
Q

Which type of bone growth can occur in the adult?

A

Appositional

->Growth in width. Interstitial growth should have been completed by adulthood

43
Q

What is the function of bone?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Movement
  3. Blood supply
  4. Stores minerals
44
Q

How does bone help blood supply?

A

Red blood cells formed in red bone marrow

45
Q

Where would you find yellow bone marrow?

A

Medullary canal

46
Q

What kind of structure is compact bone organised in?

A

Circular structures (Haversian systems or osteons)

47
Q

What are hydroxyapatite crystals?

A

Complex form of calcium phosphate

48
Q

What does collagen provide bones with?

A

Some flexibility which reduces fractures

49
Q

Describe bone turnover.

A

Old/damaged bones are broken down by osteoclasts and replaced w new bone by osteoblasts.

50
Q

Which cells initiate calcification?

A

Osteoblasts

51
Q

What do canaliculi do within osteocytes?

A

Connect lacunae allowing communication within cells.

52
Q

What is bone mostly made of?

A

Type 1 collagen

Year 1- Anatomy (30 decks)

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