Histology of the Respiratory System Flashcards
Which components of the respiratory system make up the conducting part?
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Which components of the respiratory system make up the respiratory part?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar sacs
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli
Name the four layers of the resp. system.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage/muscle
Adventicia
Describe the cartilage of the trachea.
20 C shaped hyaline cartilage rings
What is found between the gaps of the hyaline rings of the trachea?
Tracheal muscle
Fibroelastic tissue
What does the respiratory mucosa do?
Warms and moistens the air
Traps foreign particles
Name the tissue which is found in the trachea.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Which cells are found within the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the trachea?
Goblet cells
What is the lamina propria?
A type of connective tissue covering a mucous membrane.
Where is the lamina propria in the trachea?
Under the epitherlium
What does the lamina propria contain?
Blood vessels
Which glands are found in the sub-mucosa?
Sero-mucous glands
What is the function of the sero-mucous glands found in the submucosa?
Serous glands produce watery secretions which warm and moisten air.
Goblet cells produce mucous to trap foreign particles.
Which cells produce mucous?
Goblet cells
What happen to the mucous?
It traps foreign particles and moves up towards the pharynx. This reduces bacteria and infection in the lungs.
What moves mucous towards the pharynx?
Cillia
What does the adventitia in the trachea do?
Connects and supports trachea to surrounding tissue
What does the adventitia contain?
Nerves, vessels and adipose tissue
Is there cartilage in the bronchi?
Yes but less, it does not fully encircle the lumen
Is there cartilage in the bronchioles?
No
What is there between the mucosa and submucosa of the bronchi?
Layers of smooth muscle.
How big is the diameter of bronchioles?
<1mm
Name a cell which is present in bronchioles
Clara cells
What do Clara cells do?
Secrete surfacant
What tissue is found in bronchioles?
Simple columnar to cuboidal epithelium
What are the terminal lined by?
Ciliated cuboidal epithelium
What are the respiratory bronchioles lined with?
Low cuboidal epithelium
What are alveolar ducts surrounded by?
Smooth muscle, elastin and collagen
What are alveolar sacs surrounded by?
Blood vessels
Pulmonary capillaries
What are the alveoli surrounded by?
Blood vessels
Pulmonary capillaries
Name three cells found in alveoli
Type 1 pneumocytes
Type 2 pneumocytes
Macrophages
Describe type 1 pneumocytes?
Large and thin to allow for gas exchange
What is the function of type 2 neumocytes?
Produce surfactant to reduce surface tension
What colour are macrophages in alveoli?
Brown, known as dust cells
Where does gas exchange take place?
Through the endothelial cell of the capillary, basement membrane and type I pneumocyte
