Histology of the Respiratory System

Question 1

Which components of the respiratory system make up the conducting part?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles

Question 2

Which components of the respiratory system make up the respiratory part?

Answer 2

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar sacs
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli

Question 3

Name the four layers of the resp. system.

Answer 3

Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage/muscle
Adventicia

Question 4

Describe the cartilage of the trachea.

Answer 4

20 C shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Question 5

What is found between the gaps of the hyaline rings of the trachea?

Answer 5

Tracheal muscle
Fibroelastic tissue

Question 6

What does the respiratory mucosa do?

Answer 6

Warms and moistens the air
Traps foreign particles

Question 7

Name the tissue which is found in the trachea.

Answer 7

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 8

Which cells are found within the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the trachea?

Answer 8

Goblet cells

Question 9

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 9

A type of connective tissue covering a mucous membrane.

Question 10

Where is the lamina propria in the trachea?

Answer 10

Under the epitherlium

Question 11

What does the lamina propria contain?

Answer 11

Blood vessels

Question 12

Which glands are found in the sub-mucosa?

Answer 12

Sero-mucous glands

Question 13

What is the function of the sero-mucous glands found in the submucosa?

Answer 13

Serous glands produce watery secretions which warm and moisten air.
Goblet cells produce mucous to trap foreign particles.

Question 14

Which cells produce mucous?

Answer 14

Goblet cells

Question 15

What happen to the mucous?

Answer 15

It traps foreign particles and moves up towards the pharynx. This reduces bacteria and infection in the lungs.

Question 16

What moves mucous towards the pharynx?

Answer 16

Cillia

Question 17

What does the adventitia in the trachea do?

Answer 17

Connects and supports trachea to surrounding tissue

Question 18

What does the adventitia contain?

Answer 18

Nerves, vessels and adipose tissue

Question 19

Is there cartilage in the bronchi?

Answer 19

Yes but less, it does not fully encircle the lumen

Question 20

Is there cartilage in the bronchioles?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What is there between the mucosa and submucosa of the bronchi?

Answer 21

Layers of smooth muscle.

Question 22

How big is the diameter of bronchioles?

Answer 22

<1mm

Question 23

Name a cell which is present in bronchioles

Answer 23

Clara cells

Question 24

What do Clara cells do?

Answer 24

Secrete surfacant

Question 25

What tissue is found in bronchioles?

Answer 25

Simple columnar to cuboidal epithelium

Question 26

What are the terminal lined by?

Answer 26

Ciliated cuboidal epithelium

Question 27

What are the respiratory bronchioles lined with?

Answer 27

Low cuboidal epithelium

Question 28

What are alveolar ducts surrounded by?

Answer 28

Smooth muscle, elastin and collagen

Question 29

What are alveolar sacs surrounded by?

Answer 29

Blood vessels
Pulmonary capillaries

Question 30

What are the alveoli surrounded by?

Answer 30

Blood vessels
Pulmonary capillaries

Question 31

Name three cells found in alveoli

Answer 31

Type 1 pneumocytes
Type 2 pneumocytes
Macrophages

Question 32

Describe type 1 pneumocytes?

Answer 32

Large and thin to allow for gas exchange

Question 33

What is the function of type 2 neumocytes?

Answer 33

Produce surfactant to reduce surface tension

Question 34

What colour are macrophages in alveoli?

Answer 34

Brown, known as dust cells

Question 35

Where does gas exchange take place?

Answer 35

Through the endothelial cell of the capillary, basement membrane and type I pneumocyte