Terminology Flashcards
Was does the anatomical position look like?
The body is erect with feet together, palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body.
Describe the position of the Sagittal plane.
A vertical line which divides the body into a left section and a right section. The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left halves.
Describe the Coronal (Frontal) plane.
A vertical line which divides the body into a front (anterior) section and back (posterior) section.
Describe the Transverse (Horizontal, Axial, Cross-sectional) plane.
A horizontal line which divides the body into an upper (superior) section and a lower (inferior) section.
What plane fits this definition?
A horizontal line which divides the body into an upper (superior) section and a lower (inferior) section.
Transverse (Horizontal, Axial, Cross-sectional) plane.
Which plane fits this describes this definition?
A vertical line which divides the body into a left section and a right section. The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left halves.
Sagittal plane.
What plane describes this plane?
A vertical line which divides the body into a front (anterior) section and back (posterior) section.
Coronal (Frontal) plane.
What term means ‘above’ something?
Superior.
In anatomy, what term means ‘below’ something?
Inferior.
What term describes something nearer to the front of the body?
Anterior (ventral).
What term describes something nearer to the back of the body?
Posterior (dorsal).
What does proximal mean?
Part of the body that is closer to the centre of the body than another part.
What does medial mean?
Toward the middle or centre.
What does Rostral/Cranial mean?
Towards the head.
What term indicates toward the back/tail?
Caudal.
What does unilateral mean?
Involving one side of the body.
What term means involving both sides of the body?
Bilateral.
What term means on the same side of the body?
Ipsilateral
What term means on opposite sides of the body?
Contralateral
What term relates to a body cavity wall?
Parietal
What term relates to organs within a body cavity?
Visceral
What odes axial mean?
Around a central axis.
What is meant by the term intermediate?
Between two structures.
When referring to right and left, are you referring to your personal right/left or the patients?
Patients.
If a patient in prone, what position are they in?
Lying on their stomach.
If a patient is lying on their back, what position are they in?
Supine/recumbent.
What is the trunk?
The body minus the four limbs.
Define the median.
The midline of the body or structure.
If something is superficial, it is…?
Near the surface of the body/structure.
If something is further away from the surface of the body/sturcture, it is referred to as being…?
Deep/internal.
Name the five components of the upper limb.
Shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, hand.
Name the five components of the lower limb.
Gluteal region, thigh, leg, ankle, foot.
On what plate do flexion and extension occur?
Sagittal plate.
What does flexion do?
Decreases the angle between two body parts.
What does extension do?
Increases the angle between two body parts.
What is abduction?
Movement away from the midline of the body.
What is adduction?
Movement towards to midline of the body.
What type of movement is circumduction?
A circular movement.
What is circumduction a combination of?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
What type of rotation is internal?
Medial
What type of rotation is external?
Lateral.
What is medial rotation?
Rotational movement towards the midline.
What is lateral rotation?
Rotational movement away from the midline.
What does elevation refer to?
Movement in a superior direction
Give an example of elevation
Shoulder shrug
What does depression refer to?
Movement in an inferior direction
What term refers to the forward movement of the shoulder (e.g. reaching out)?
Protraction.
Define retraction.
The backward movement of the shoulder (e.g. pick something up).
Describe what happens in supernation.
Radius and ulna are parallel.
Describe what happens in pronation.
Radius rotates over ulna.
Define opposition in regards to finger movement.
Movement of thumb and little finger towards to each other.
Define reposition.
Return to anatomical position.
What is meant by the term dorsiflexion?
Extension of the ankle/foot so that the foot points more superiorly
Plantarflexion?
Flexion of the ankle/foot so that the foot points inferiorly.
What does inversion refer to?
The movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction
What does eversion refer to?
The movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.
