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Year 1- Anatomy > Anatomy of the CVS 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the CVS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the arteries?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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2
Q

What is the function of the veins?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood towards to heart

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3
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Exchange nutrients and site of gas exchange.

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4
Q

What do lymphatics of the CVS do?

A

Drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues.

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5
Q

Name the two main circulations of the heart.

A

Pulmonary
Systemic

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6
Q

Describe the pulmonary circulation of the heart

A

Between the heart and lungs

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7
Q

Describe the systemic circulation of the CVS

A

Between the heart and the rest of the body

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8
Q

Name to two other less important circulations of the heart.

A

-Hepatic portal circulation
- Lymphatic system

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9
Q

What is the hepatic portal circulation?

A

Venous system which returns blood to from the digestive tract to the spleen and the liver.

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10
Q

Which organs does the hepatic artery supply?

A

Liver
Duodenum
Pancreas

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11
Q

Where does the heart lie?

A

In the middle mediastinum

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12
Q

What vertebral level is the mediastinum?

A

T4

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13
Q

Where does the mediastinum lie between?

A

Right and left pleurae.

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14
Q

Where does the mediastinum extend from and to?

A

Extends from the sternum at the front to the the vertebral column at the back.

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15
Q

The mediastinum contains all thoracic structures except for?

A

Lungs and pleura

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16
Q

Where does the aortic arch start and end?

A

T4

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17
Q

List the different parts of the mediastinum.

A

Superior mediastinum
Inferior mediastinum (posterior, middle and interior mediatsinum)

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18
Q

List the organs in the superior mediastinum.

A

Thymus
Oesophagus
Trachea

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19
Q

List the arteries of the superior mediastinum.

A

Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery.

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20
Q

Lists the veins and lymphatics of the superior mediastinum.

A

Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic veins
The arch of the azygos
Thoracic duct.

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21
Q

List the organs found in the posterior mediastinum.

A

Oesophagus

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22
Q

List the arteries of the posterior mediastinum.

A

Descending thoracic aorta

23
Q

List the veins/ lymphatics of the posterior mediastinum.

A

Azygos hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct

24
Q

List the organs of the middle mediastinum.

A

Heart, trachea, main bronchi

25
Q

List the arteries of the middle mediastinum.

A

Ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, pericardiacophrenic arteries.

26
Q

List the veins/ lymphatics of the middle mediastinum.

A

Superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, pericardiacophrenic veins.

27
Q

What is found in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Fat, ascending aorta, lymph nodes, internal mammary artery and vein, adjacent osseous structures (ribs and sternum), and thymus.

28
Q

Which structures lie anterior to the heart.

A

Sternum
Costal cartilages 4-7

29
Q

Which structures lie posteriorly to the heart?

A

Oesophagus and descending aorta

30
Q

Which structures lie laterally to the heart?

A

Pleura and phrenic nerve

31
Q

Which structures lie inferiorly to the heart?

A

Central tendon of the diaphragm.

32
Q

How many heart borders are there?

33
Q

How many surfaces of the heart are there?

34
Q

What are the four borders of the heart?

A

Right border
Left border
Superior border
Inferior border

35
Q

What is the right border of the heart?

A

Right atria

36
Q

What makes up the left border of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

What makes up the superior border of the heart?

A

Auricles and the great vessels

38
Q

What are the great vessels?

A

Aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins and vena cava (superior and inferior)

39
Q

What makes up the inferior border of the heart?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle.

40
Q

What makes up the anterior/ sternocostal surface of the heart?

A

1/3 RA
2/3 RV
LV

41
Q

What makes up the inferior/ diaphragmatic surface of the heart?

42
Q

What makes up the posterior (base) surface of the heart.

43
Q

What does the inferior border lie against?

A

The diaphragm

44
Q

Which vertebrae does the lie lie anterior to?

45
Q

Where is the apex of the heart?

A

5th left intercostal space on the midclavicular line
LV

46
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Fibrous sac enclosing the heart and great vessels.

47
Q

How many types of pericardia are there?

48
Q

What are the two types of pericardia?

A

Serous and fibrous

49
Q

Describe the fibrous pericardium

A

Dense connective tissue sac

50
Q

Describe the serous pericardium.

A

Has an outer parietal level and inner visceral layer.

51
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Part of the inner vsiceral layer of the serous pericardium.

52
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Part of the inner visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
Covers the heart but not the great vessels.

53
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity?

A

Between the parietal and visceral layers

54
Q

What is in the pericardial cavity?

A

Pericardial fluid

Year 1- Anatomy (30 decks)

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