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Year 1- Anatomy > Muscles Revised > Flashcards

Muscles Revised Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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2
Q

Which end of the muscle is the origin usualy?

A

The stationary end, most commonly the proximal/superior part of a muscle.

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3
Q

Which end of the muscle is usually the insertion of the muscle?

A

The moving end, most commonly the distal/inferior part of a muscle.

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4
Q

What allows for the connection of bone and muscle?

A

Tendon

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5
Q

Describe the structure of tendons

A

Non-fleshy, fibrous, dense, regular connective tissue.

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6
Q

What part of the bone are the fibres of the tendon usually embedded in?

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

The anterior muscles of the abdominal oblique muscles are flat, thin and broad. What are these tendons known as?

A

Aponeurosis

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8
Q

How do muscles exert their action?

A

Crossing/ spanning joint(s)

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9
Q

Do muscles push or pull on bones?

A

Pull

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10
Q

Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

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11
Q

Is skeletal muscle involuntary or voluntary/.

A

Voluntary

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12
Q

Is cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?

A

Involuntary

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13
Q

Give an example of an appendicular muscle.

A

Deltoid

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14
Q

Give an example of an axial muscle

A

Intercostal muscles
Obliques

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15
Q

How many joints are crossed by the biceps brachii?

A

3

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16
Q

Name the joints which the biceps brachii cross.

A

Glenohumeral
Elbow
Radialulnar

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17
Q

Which bones are the tendons of the biceps attached?

A

Radius
Scapula

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18
Q

What is the mechanism on action of the biceps?

A

Flexion

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19
Q

How many joints do the triceps cross?

A

2

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20
Q

Name the joints crossed by the triceps

A

Glenohumeral
Elbow

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21
Q

What is the function of the triceps?

A

Extension

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22
Q

Name a muscle which has it’s tendon situated in the centre of the muscle.

A

Diaphragm w the central tendon

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23
Q

What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm when we breathe in?

A

They descend to increase space for the lungs to expand

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24
Q

Which muscles help maintain posture and what do they have to work against to do this?

A

Shoulder muscles and must work against gravity

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25
Q

What is the function of the anterior muscles of the deltoid?

A

Flexion

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26
Q

What is the function of the posterior muscles of the deltoid?

A

Extension

27
Q

What is the function of the middle muscles of the deltoid?

A

Abduction/adduction

28
Q

Where would you usually find smooth muscle?

A

Organs
Blood vessels

29
Q

Which muscles are agonistic?

A

Muscles which contract

30
Q

Which muscles are antiagonistic?

A

Muscles which relax

31
Q

What do synergists do?

A

Stabilise muscle movements and control movement in a region which is safe and desired.

32
Q

What do stabilising muscles do?

A

Stabilise joints to reduce risks of dislocation

33
Q

What is meant by muscle atrophy?

A

Muscle wasting

34
Q

What is the function of intermuscular fascial septa?

A

Separate muscles into compartments

35
Q

Muscles in the same compartment have what in common?

A

Usually have the same nerve supply
Usually have the same action

36
Q

What supplies all muscles in the arms and forearms??

A

Brachial plexus

37
Q

What supplies all the muscles in the thighs and legs?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

38
Q

Where does the brachial plexus originate?

A

C5-T1

39
Q

Where does the the lumbosacral plexus orginate?

A

L1-S4

40
Q

Which nerve supplies the upper limb?

A

Radial nerve

41
Q

What supplies muscle to the hands and fingers?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

42
Q

Which artery divides into the radial and ulnar artery?

A

Brachial artery

43
Q

What happens if the radial nerve is damaged?

A

Weaken function of wrist and finger extension might be lost.

44
Q

What can damage to the medial or ulnar nerve cause?

A

Can impact the flexion of the wrist

45
Q

How many muscle compartments are in the thigh?

A

3

46
Q

Which muscle extends the knee?

A

Quadriceps

47
Q

Which muscle helps with extension of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

48
Q

What is the function of the hamstring?

A

Flexes knee
Extends hip

49
Q

Which nerve supplies the quads?

A

Femoral nerve

50
Q

What is the muscle of the abdomen?

A

Rectus abdominus

51
Q

What is the function of rectus abdominus muscles?

A

Flexion

52
Q

In which direction do the muscles of the rectus abdominus travel?

A

Vertically

53
Q

What shape in deltoid?

A

Triangular

54
Q

What shape is teres?

A

Rounded

55
Q

Describe sphincter muscles

A

Fibres arranged circularly and thickened around the wall of a structure, usually a tube

56
Q

What happens when the fibres of sphincter muscles contract?

A

They close off the diameter

57
Q

Give an example of a place you might find a sphincter muscle.

A

Anus
Anal canal

58
Q

Which two bones does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach to inferiorly?

A

Clavicle
Sternum

59
Q

Which bone does the sternocleidomastoid attach to superiorly?

A

Temporal bone

60
Q

Which muscle contain intercalated discs?

A

Cardiac mucle

61
Q

Which two muscle types are striated?

A

Cardiac
Skeletal

62
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Combination of motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates

63
Q

Which type of fibre is found in a motor unit?

A

Motor

64
Q

What structure is found in a motor unit?

A

Motor end plates

Year 1- Anatomy (30 decks)

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