Muscles Revised Flashcards
Name the three types of muscle
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Which end of the muscle is the origin usualy?
The stationary end, most commonly the proximal/superior part of a muscle.
Which end of the muscle is usually the insertion of the muscle?
The moving end, most commonly the distal/inferior part of a muscle.
What allows for the connection of bone and muscle?
Tendon
Describe the structure of tendons
Non-fleshy, fibrous, dense, regular connective tissue.
What part of the bone are the fibres of the tendon usually embedded in?
Periosteum
The anterior muscles of the abdominal oblique muscles are flat, thin and broad. What are these tendons known as?
Aponeurosis
How do muscles exert their action?
Crossing/ spanning joint(s)
Do muscles push or pull on bones?
Pull
Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
Is skeletal muscle involuntary or voluntary/.
Voluntary
Is cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?
Involuntary
Give an example of an appendicular muscle.
Deltoid
Give an example of an axial muscle
Intercostal muscles
Obliques
How many joints are crossed by the biceps brachii?
3
Name the joints which the biceps brachii cross.
Glenohumeral
Elbow
Radialulnar
Which bones are the tendons of the biceps attached?
Radius
Scapula
What is the mechanism on action of the biceps?
Flexion
How many joints do the triceps cross?
2
Name the joints crossed by the triceps
Glenohumeral
Elbow
What is the function of the triceps?
Extension
Name a muscle which has it’s tendon situated in the centre of the muscle.
Diaphragm w the central tendon
What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm when we breathe in?
They descend to increase space for the lungs to expand
Which muscles help maintain posture and what do they have to work against to do this?
Shoulder muscles and must work against gravity
What is the function of the anterior muscles of the deltoid?
Flexion
What is the function of the posterior muscles of the deltoid?
Extension
What is the function of the middle muscles of the deltoid?
Abduction/adduction
Where would you usually find smooth muscle?
Organs
Blood vessels
Which muscles are agonistic?
Muscles which contract
Which muscles are antiagonistic?
Muscles which relax
What do synergists do?
Stabilise muscle movements and control movement in a region which is safe and desired.
What do stabilising muscles do?
Stabilise joints to reduce risks of dislocation
What is meant by muscle atrophy?
Muscle wasting
What is the function of intermuscular fascial septa?
Separate muscles into compartments
Muscles in the same compartment have what in common?
Usually have the same nerve supply
Usually have the same action
What supplies all muscles in the arms and forearms??
Brachial plexus
What supplies all the muscles in the thighs and legs?
Lumbosacral plexus
Where does the brachial plexus originate?
C5-T1
Where does the the lumbosacral plexus orginate?
L1-S4
Which nerve supplies the upper limb?
Radial nerve
What supplies muscle to the hands and fingers?
Median and ulnar nerves
Which artery divides into the radial and ulnar artery?
Brachial artery
What happens if the radial nerve is damaged?
Weaken function of wrist and finger extension might be lost.
What can damage to the medial or ulnar nerve cause?
Can impact the flexion of the wrist
How many muscle compartments are in the thigh?
3
Which muscle extends the knee?
Quadriceps
Which muscle helps with extension of the hip?
Gluteus maximus
What is the function of the hamstring?
Flexes knee
Extends hip
Which nerve supplies the quads?
Femoral nerve
What is the muscle of the abdomen?
Rectus abdominus
What is the function of rectus abdominus muscles?
Flexion
In which direction do the muscles of the rectus abdominus travel?
Vertically
What shape in deltoid?
Triangular
What shape is teres?
Rounded
Describe sphincter muscles
Fibres arranged circularly and thickened around the wall of a structure, usually a tube
What happens when the fibres of sphincter muscles contract?
They close off the diameter
Give an example of a place you might find a sphincter muscle.
Anus
Anal canal
Which two bones does the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach to inferiorly?
Clavicle
Sternum
Which bone does the sternocleidomastoid attach to superiorly?
Temporal bone
Which muscle contain intercalated discs?
Cardiac mucle
Which two muscle types are striated?
Cardiac
Skeletal
What is a motor unit?
Combination of motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates
Which type of fibre is found in a motor unit?
Motor
What structure is found in a motor unit?
Motor end plates
