Joints Flashcards
What are joints?
Unions between two or more rigid components (bone or cartilage).
What is articulation?
Another term for joints.
What are joints required for?
Movement and growth.
Name the three main types of joint.
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Describe the composition of fibrous joints.
Dense, fibrous connective tissue. High strength. Very little movement in adults.
What is the fibrous connective tissue of fibrous joints made of?
Densely packed collagen fibres.
Example of fibrous joint-
Cranial sutures (skull), periodontal ligaments and interosseous membranes.
Where are cartilaginous joints found?
Between bones
Describe the function of synchondroses (primary) cartilaginous joints.
Allow for bone growth in children. Disappear in adults.
No movement.
How many layers of cartilage do symphyses (secondary) cartilaginous joints have?
2- layer of hyaline and fibrocartilage.
Name some features of symphyses cartilage.
Does not ossify w age.
Found in midline of the body.
Limited movement.
What type of joint has the greatest movement?
Ball and socket
In embryos, what do the upper limbs undergo?
Lateral rotation.
In embryos, what do the lower limbs undergo?
Medial rotation
In embryos, which limbs undergo the most rotation?
Lower limbs.
What do joints have a rich supply of?
Blood abs nerves.
Define anastomoses.
Reconnection of blood vessels (seen a lot around joints).
Define proprioception.
Awareness of position and movement of the body.
Give an example of a hinge joint.
Knee, elbow.
Give an example of a saddle joint.
Thumb
Give an example of a plane joint.
Joints between the metacarpal bones of the hand and those between the cuneiform bones of the foot.
Give an example of a pivot joint.
Joint between the atlas and the axis which is directly under the skull.
Give an example of Condylar
(ellipsoid) joint.
Wrist.
What are periodontal ligaments?
a soft connective tissue between the inner wall of the alveolar socket and the roots of the teeth
Give two examples of cartilaginous joints.
Epithelial plate in long bones and intervertebral and pubic synthases
Give two examples of a synovial joint.
Hinge joints (elbow and knee)
Ball and socket (hip)
Describe the structure of synovial joints.
A synovial joint consists of two bony surfaces that are encompassed by a fibrous capsule with a synovial lining. The joint contains synovial fluid, which allows the bony surfaces to articulate with each other.
