The Stats Test - Probability and Significance

Question 1

Three types of data

Answer 1

Ordinal
Nominal
Interval

Question 2

Ordinal data

Answer 2

Data that is in ranked order

Question 3

Example of ordinal data

Answer 3

First to last

Question 4

What measure of central tendency does ordinal data use?

Answer 4

Median

Question 5

Nominal data

Answer 5

Data in frequencies that is put into categories

Question 6

What measure of central tendency does nominal data use?

Answer 6

The mode

Question 7

Interval data

Answer 7

Data that is in a fixed unit of measurement

Question 8

Is interval data a subjective or objective way of gathering information? Why?

Answer 8

Objective because it isn’t based on interpretation

Question 9

Example of interval data

Answer 9

KG or temperature

Question 10

What measure of central tendency does interval data use?

Answer 10

Mean

Question 11

Strength of the mean

Answer 11

Uses every value in the data

Question 12

Limitation of the mean

Answer 12

Vulnerable to outliers affected by extreme scores

Question 13

Strength of the median

Answer 13

Least affected by extreme scores

Question 14

Limitations of the median

Answer 14

Doesn’t use every value in the data

Question 15

Strength of the mode

Answer 15

Not affected by extreme scores

Question 16

Limitation of the mode

Answer 16

Not based on all values

Question 17

What does the range tell us?

Answer 17

The difference between the smallest value and the largest value

Question 18

What does standard deviation tell us?

Answer 18

Tells us how far the spread of data/scores are from the mean

Question 19

What will the values be if the SD is 3?

Answer 19

The values will be 3 above and 3 below the mean

Question 20

What do we use statistical testing in psychology?

Answer 20

To see if the data is statistically significant or not and whether out hypothesis is supported or rejected

Question 21

How can the likelihood of the results having occurred by chance be found?

Answer 21

By carrying out the test multiple times to see if the results are statistically meaningful

Question 22

What will out hypothesis be if our findings are statistically significant? What will this show?

Answer 22

Our hypothesis will be supported, showing us that the study is predictable

Question 23

How were Milgram’s results statistically significant?

Answer 23

Because 100% of the participants obeyed to 300V and 65% obeyed up to 450V, allowing the conclusion that we will obey orders of an authority figure even if we are unsure about what we are told to do

Question 24

Probability in psychology (P) =

Answer 24

P = < or equal to 0.05

Question 25

What test is used when a hypothesis predicts a difference between co-variables or association?

Answer 25

Chi Square Test

Question 26

Anagram for Chi Square Test

Answer 26

CANDI

Question 27

C of CANDI

Answer 27

Chi Square

Question 28

A of CANDI

Answer 28

Association

Question 29

N of CANDI

Answer 29

Nominal

Question 30

D of CANDI

Answer 30

Difference

Question 31

I of CANDI

Answer 31

Independent groups

Question 32

CANDI

Answer 32

Chi square
Association
Nominal
Difference
Independent groups

Question 33

What data does the Chi Square Test deal with?

Answer 33

Nominal data

Question 34

Formula for degrees of freedom

Answer 34

(Number of columns - 1) x (number of rows - 1)

Question 35

Symbol for Chi Square

Answer 35

X squared

Question 36

Unrelated t test anagram

Answer 36

UNIITD

Question 37

U and N of UNIITD

Answer 37

Unrelated

Question 38

I of UNIITD

Answer 38

Independent groups

Question 39

I of UNIITD

Answer 39

Interval data

Question 40

T of UNIITD

Answer 40

Time

Question 41

D of UNIITD

Answer 41

Difference

Question 42

UNITD

Answer 42

Unrelated
Independent groups
Interval data
Time
Difference

Question 43

Related t test anagram

Answer 43

DIRRT

Question 44

D of DIRRT

Answer 44

Difference

Question 45

I of DIRRT

Answer 45

Interval

Question 46

First R of DIRRT

Answer 46

Repeated measures

Question 47

Second R and T of DIRRT

Answer 47

Related T

Question 48

DIRRT

Answer 48

Difference
Interval
Repeated measures
Related T

Question 49

What is the MIDO anagram used for?

Answer 49

The Mann-Whitney experiment

Question 50

M of MIDO

Answer 50

Mann-Whitney

Question 51

I of MIDO

Answer 51

Independent

Question 52

D of MIDO

Answer 52

Differences

Question 53

O of MIDO

Answer 53

Ordinal

Question 54

MIDO

Answer 54

Mann-Whitney
Independent
Differences
Ordinal

Question 55

Way of remembering MIDO

Answer 55

MIDO is the “psychology dog”

Question 56

Anagram used for the Wilcoxon test

Answer 56

WORD

Question 57

W of WORD

Answer 57

Wilcoxson

Question 58

O of WORD

Answer 58

Ordinal

Question 59

R of WORD

Answer 59

Repeated measures

Question 60

D of WORD

Answer 60

Difference

Question 61

WORD

Answer 61

Wilcoxson
Ordinal
Repeated measures
Difference

Question 62

Anagram for Pearson’s r

Answer 62

CIP

Question 63

C of CIP

Answer 63

Correlation

Question 64

I of CIP

Answer 64

Interval

Question 65

P of CIP

Answer 65

Pearson

Question 66

CIP

Answer 66

Correlation
Interval
Pearson

Question 67

If you’re trying to find the correlation of two variables where one is the ordinal level of data and one is the interval level of data, what test do you use?

Answer 67

Spearman’s Rho

Question 68

In psychology what is the default p value?

Answer 68

Default probability value is 0.05

Question 69

What does the 0.05 default p value mean?

Answer 69

Means you are 95% sure that your results were not due to chance

Question 70

The lower the p value, the more…

Answer 70

Confident you are about the results not being due to chance

Question 71

When studying humans, why isn’t the p value 0.01?

Answer 71

Because you cannot predict what every human’s behaviour will be like due to factors such as individual differences, free will and human error

Question 72

Why do we use statistical tests in psychology?

Answer 72

To establish whether or not the results of an experiment were due to chance

Question 73

Stringent

Answer 73

Strict or precise

Question 74

The more stringent the level of significance is, the more…

Answer 74

Challenging it is to get your results to show that your hypothesis is supported

Question 75

The less stringent the level of significance is, the less…

Answer 75

Challenging it is to get your results to show that your hypothesis is supported

Question 76

In what scenario would a high p value be suitable?

Answer 76

Drug testing because you need to ensure the drug works before giving it to patients

Question 77

What does using a 0.05 level of significance minimise?

Answer 77

Minimises the chance of making a type 1 or 2 error

Question 78

Type 1 error

Answer 78

When the p value is very large there is a danger that we will take a chance result and decide it’s significant when it’s not

Question 79

What is type 1 error also known as?

Answer 79

False positive

Question 80

What is a chance result?

Answer 80

A result not representative of other results

Question 81

What does type 1 error make easier to do?

Answer 81

Makes it easier to get the results looking like they were statistically significant when there is a bigger margin of error

Question 82

Type 2 error

Answer 82

When the p value is very small there is a danger that we will take a significant result and decide that it was caused by chance

Question 83

What is type 2 error also known as?

Answer 83

False negative

Question 84

When is a type 2 error likely to occur?

Answer 84

When the level of significance is too stringent, making it harder to provide support for the hypothesis, meaning you could potentially reject a valid hypothesis