Issues and Debates - Free Will vs Determinism Flashcards

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1
Q

Determinism

A

We are controlled by internal/external factors. We have no choice over our behaviour

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2
Q

Free will

A

We are able to choose/make conscious decisions about our behaviour

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3
Q

4 types of determinism

A

Hard determinism
Soft determinism
Environmental determinism
Psychic determinism

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4
Q

Hard determinism

A

Our lives (thoughts, behaviours, choices etc) are governed by forces that are out of our control

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5
Q

What does hard determinism assume?

A

it assumes that internal/external forces determine our behaviour

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6
Q

Two types of hard determinism

A

Biological
Environmental

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7
Q

How is biological determinism a form of hard determinism?

A

Because it states that our lives are exclusively controlled by internal forces

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8
Q

How is environmental determinism a form of hard determinism?

A

Because it states that our lives are exclusively controlled by external forces

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9
Q

Soft determinism

A

Our lives are to an extent governed by internal/external forces but we still have some element of control/free will over our lives

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10
Q

What does soft determinism suggest?

A

Suggests that there are things that influence our behaviour, but we can still make conscious decisions about our lives

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11
Q

What is a type of soft determinism?

A

Psychic determinism

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12
Q

How is psychic determinism a form of soft determinism?

A

Because it believes that the mind determines behaviour but is also influenced by experiences

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13
Q

What does psychic determinism suggest?

A

Suggests that experiences that occurred during the stages of psychosexual development unconsciously influence adult behaviour

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14
Q

Does free will reject the fact that we are influenced by biology, culture or the environment?

A

No, it doesn’t reject this, but it states that we can reject these influences and choose alternatives if we so wish

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15
Q

What approach is an example of free will?

A

The humanistic approach

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16
Q

Causal explanations

A

Science is heavily deterministic in its search for causal relationships (explanations) as it seeks to discover whether x causes y (whether IV causes changes in the DV)