The Statistics Test - The Sign Test

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

A testable statement which states relationship or difference between variables being examined

Question 2

Null hypothesis

Answer 2

Hypothesis which states there will be no relationship or difference between variables being examined

Question 3

Statistical testing

Answer 3

Way of determining whether the null hypothesis should be accepted or rejected, so the hypothesis can be accepted or declined

Question 4

Three types of data used in statistical testing

Answer 4

Nominal data
Ordinal data
Interval data

Question 5

Nominal data

Answer 5

Data represented in form of categories

Question 6

Example of nominal data

Answer 6

Male or female

Question 7

Ordinal data

Answer 7

Data that is ranked

Question 8

Example of ordinal data

Answer 8

How much do you like psychology on a scale of 1-10?

Question 9

Why does ordinal data lack precision?

Answer 9

Because it’s based on subjective opinion rather than objective measures

Question 10

What type of dat isn’t a part of statistical testing?

Answer 10

Ordinal data

Question 11

Interval data

Answer 11

Data based on accepted units of measurement

Question 12

Example of interval data

Answer 12

Time
Temperature
Weight

Question 13

What is the most precise and sophisticated form of data in psychology?

Answer 13

Interval data

Question 14

What type of data is most commonly used for the sign test?

Answer 14

Nominal data

Question 15

What is the sign test used to determine?

Answer 15

Whether the difference found in results is significant

Question 16

What do we need to be looking for when using the sign test?

Answer 16

We need to be looking for a difference rather than association

Question 17

What experimental design do we need to have to use the sign test?

Answer 17

Repeated measures design

Question 18

What type of data do we need to use the sign test?

Answer 18

Nominal data

Question 19

What signs do we use to indicate a positive or negative difference in the table of results when using a sign test?

Answer 19

+ for positive
- for negative

Question 20

After indicating the positive and negative differences in data, what do we do when using the sign test?

Answer 20

We add up to amount of positive differences and negative differences

Question 21

How do you calculate the sign value (S)?

Answer 21

Add up the amount of positive differences and negative differences. Whichever differences occurs the least frequently is the sign value

Question 22

Anagram for remembering the sign test

Answer 22

SNoRD

Question 23

S of SNoRD

Answer 23

Sign

Question 24

N of SNoRD

Answer 24

Nominal

Question 25

R of SNoRD

Answer 25

Repeated measures

Question 26

D of SNoRD

Answer 26

Difference

Question 27

Why will there always be a null hypothesis alongside the working hypothesis?

Answer 27

Because you need to test for a statistical significance

Question 28

Why do all studies have a significance level?

Answer 28

To check for significant differences or relationships

Question 29

What is the accepted level of probability in psychology?

Answer 29

0.05 or 5%

Question 30

If there is a less than 5% or 0.05 probability that the results occurred by chance, what was the difference likely to be due to?

Answer 30

The manipulation of the IV

Question 31

When the statistical test has been calculated, what value is the researcher left with?

Answer 31

The calculated value

Question 32

What value does the calculated value need to be compared to?

Answer 32

The critical value

Question 33

Why does the calculated value have to be compared with the critical value?

Answer 33

To decide whether the result is significant or not

Question 34

What are the critical values for a sign test given in?

Answer 34

A table of critical values

Question 35

What do you need to know to use the table of critical values?

Answer 35

Significance level desired
Number of participants (N)
Whether the hypothesis is directional or non-directional

Question 36

Repeated measures

Answer 36

Participants are measured two or more times on the dependent variable, rather than different participants being measured for each DV