Approaches - Comparisons Flashcards
Word to base all approaches on
SARDINE
SARDINE
S - scientific
A - application (E.g. treatment)
R - reductionism vs holism
D - determinism vs free will
I - idiographic vs nomothetic
N - nature vs nurture
E - extrapolation (animal research)
Behavioural approach: scientific?
Yes - research based on stimulus-response
Behavioural approach: application
Treatment for phobias (E.g. systemic desensitisation and flooding)
Behavioural approach: reductionism or holism
Reductionism - breaks down complex human behaviours to stimulus-response
Behavioural approach: determinism or free will
Environmental determinism
Behavioural approach: idiographic or nomothetic
Nomothetic - general laws about human behaviour
Behavioural approach: nature or nurture
Nurture - blank slate
Behavioural approach: extrapolation
Yes - animal research
Reductionism vs holism debate
Reductionism - studied human mind and behaviour in parts
Holism - studies human mind and behaviour as a whole
Determinism vs free will debate
Determinism - factors control out
Free will - we are responsible for our behaviours
Idiographic vs nomothetic debate
Idiographic - individual studied in detail
Nomothetic - tends to gain data that can be generalised to large population
Social learning theory: scientific
Yes - controlled observation
Social learning theory: application
Shows how behaviours such as violence are learnt
Social learning theory: reductionism or Holism
Reductionist but less than behavioural approach
Social learning theory: Determinsim or free will
Deterministic as it states behaviour is learnt
Social learning theory: idiographic or nomothetic
Nomothetic - states we all learn behaviour the same way
Social learning theory: nature vs nurture
Nurture
Social learning theory: extrapolation
No - studies human
Cognitive approach: scientific
Yes
Cognitive approach: application
CBT and REBT
Cognitive approach: reductionism vs Holism
Reductionist as it looks at internal mental processesm
Cognitive approach: determinism vs free will
Soft Determinsim
Cognitive approach: idiographic vs nomothetic
Nomothetic
Cognitive approach: nature vs nurture
Both
Biological approach: scientific
Yes
Biological approach: application
Drug treatment
Biological approach: reductionism vs Holism
Reductionism
Biological approach: determinism vs free will
Biological determinism
Biological approach: idiographic vs nomothetic
Nomothetic
Biological approach: nature vs nurture
Nature
Extrapolation
Mixture of animal and human studies
Animals - lab rats for treatment
Humans - twins
Psychodynamic approach: scientific
No
Psychodynamic approach: application
Psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic approach: reductionism vs Holism
Reductionism
Psychodynamic approach: determinism vs free will
Psychic determinism
Psychodynamic approach: idiographic vs nomothetic
Both
Psychodynamic approach: nature vs nurture
Nature and nurture (childhood experiences show nurture however we are born with libido and id showing nature)
Psychodynamic approach: extrapolation
No - human studiesm
Humanistic approach: scientific
No
Humanistic approach: application
Client centred therapy
Humanistic approach: reductionism vs Holism
Holism
Humanistic approach: determinism vs free will
Free will
Humanistic approach: idiographic vs nomothetic
Idiographic
Humanistic approach: nature vs nurture
Interactionist (born with innate drive to self-actualise but nurture shapes process)
Humanistic approach: extrapolation
No - humans studied
