Psychopathology - Behaviourist Explanation of Phobias Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What does the two-process model emphasise?

A

The role of learning on phobias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are phobias acquired and maintained through according to Mowrer?

A

Acquired through classical conditioning (CC) and maintained through operant conditioning (OC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Watson and Rayner discover?

A

How phobias can be conditioned during the Little Albert study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Learning by association. Neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus become uncontrolled response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning by consequences, rewards or punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Watson claim about CC?

A

He claimed that most emotional responses including fear of objects are learnt through CC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Evidence backing Watson’s claim

A

Watson demonstrated a rat phobia in Little Albert by pairing loud bang with white rat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does DiNardo about people with dog phobias?

A

Over half of people with dog phobias could recall being bitten but others developed phobia of dogs without a triggering event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does OC take place?

A

When our behaviour is reinforced or punished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does OC increase frequency of?

A

A behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do we do when we avoid a phobic stimulus?

A

We successfully escape the fear and anxiety test is rewarding and negatively reinforced the avoidance behaviour and the phobia is maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the behavioural approach explaining phobias ignore?

A

Biological explanations for our phobias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of how process of classical conditioning can explain how we acquire phobias

A

We learn to associate something we do not fear, such as a dog (neutral stimulus), with something that triggers a fear response, such as being bitten (unconditioned stimulus).
After an association has formed, the dog (now a conditioned stimulus) causes a response of fear (conditioned response) and consequently, we develop a phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly