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Psychology > Approaches in Psychology - The Id, Ego and Superego > Flashcards

Approaches in Psychology - The Id, Ego and Superego Flashcards

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1
Q

Freud’s belief about the structure of the personality

A

We all have three characters (tripartite) in our mind at the same time. If they are unbalanced, they can cause us a lot of anxiety and may eventually lead to mental abnormality

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2
Q

What shapes the development of the 3 parts of the personality?

A

Experiences/conflicts in childhood

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3
Q

The id

A

Unconscious focus on self
Intellectual and emotional
Deals with the self and focuses on needs
SEEKS PLEASURE

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4
Q

When is the id formed?

A

Birth-18 months

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5
Q

What is the id motivated by?

A

The pleasure principle

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6
Q

What happens if someone has a dominant id later in life?

A

It can lead to developing addictions or unhealthy relationships as they will only focus on things that bring them pleasure

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7
Q

The ego

A

Rational, conscious part of the mind

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8
Q

When is the ego formed?

A

Between 1-3 years

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9
Q

What is the ego motivated by?

A

The reality principle

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10
Q

What does the ego try to balance out?

A

The id and superego

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11
Q

What happens if you lack the ego in later life?

A

Self conscious
Lack self-esteem
Social phobias

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12
Q

The superego

A

Acts as the conscience/moral guide
Based on parental and societal values

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13
Q

What does the superego help you start doing?

A

Understanding the difference between right and wrong

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14
Q

When is the superego formed?

A

Between 3-6 years

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15
Q

What happens if your superego is dominant?

A

Can cause lots of problems for people as it will cause them to:
-Strive for perfection and not settle for anything less
-Have extremely high standards

Puts lots of pressure on the mind which can lead to depression, anxiety, eating disorders etc

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16
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

A
  1. Oral stage (0-1)
  2. Anal stage (1-3)
  3. Phallic stage (3-5)
  4. Latent stage (6-12)
  5. Genital stage (12/puberty - adulthood)
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17
Q

How do you remember Freud’s stages of psychosexual development?

A

Old Age Pensioners Love Guinness

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18
Q

What does Freud believe that children are born with?

A

A libido

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19
Q

What is a libido?

A

A sexual desire

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20
Q

How can we be psychologically healthy?

A

We must successfully complete each stage of psychosexual development

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21
Q

When can mental abnormality occur?

A

When a person doesn’t complete a stage of psychosexual development successfully - the person becomes ‘fixated’

22
Q

What does being ‘fixated’ cause?

A

Psychological problems

23
Q

Where is the focus of pleasure during the oral stage?

A

The mouth - pleasure is received from chewing objects, breast feeding etc

24
Q

Where will a newborn seek instant pleasure from?

A

The mouth from feeding and from sucking theirs thumb

25
Q

What is in control during the oral stage?

A

The id

26
Q

What is successful completion of the oral stage demonstrated by?

A

Weaning

27
Q

Weaning

A

Breast feeding won’t be their only source of being fed, the baby will start eating food such as puréed meals

28
Q

How can a fixation occur during the oral stage?

A

If the baby is weaned too soon or not soon enough.

29
Q

What can a fixation during the oral stage result in?

A

It makes the adult gain pleasure from oral gratification which can lead to activities such as smoking, excessive drinking or eating

30
Q

When does the anal stage finish?

A

1-3 years or when potty training is completed

31
Q

Where is the focus of pleasure during the anal stage?

A

The anus

32
Q

What happens if the anal stage isn’t resolved?

A

It can lead to a person having an anal character

33
Q

Anal character

A

Someone who is very uptight, controlling and doing what they want when they want

34
Q

What can having an anal fixation be a result of?

A

Parents being too strict or too lenient regarding potty training

35
Q

Anally retentive

A

Very tidy, likes order and being in control

36
Q

Anally expulsive

A

Generous but disorganised and doesn’t like to follow rules

37
Q

When does the Oedipus complex occur?

A

During the phallic stage

38
Q

Oedipus complex

A

The attachment of the child to the parent of the opposite sex, accompanied by envious and aggressive feelings toward the parent of the same sex

39
Q

What does the boy fear during the phallic stage?

A

Fears that his father knows about his obsession with the mother and will castrate him as a punishment

40
Q

Key features of Hans’ dreams

A

Wiping children bottoms, giraffes present, new born sister goes underwater

41
Q

What was Hans’ fear of horses showing?

A

Showing fear of his father as the blinkers over the horses eyes represented his fathers glasses and the buckle represented his beard

42
Q

What does Freud say that Hans’ phobia of the horses was?

A

A displacement for his fear of his father

43
Q

Why does Hans dream about drowning his sister?

A

Because he is jealous that she is getting attention from the mother

44
Q

How does Hans successfully complete the phallic stage?

A

Gender identity

45
Q

Age of Latent stage

A

6 - Puberty

46
Q

Focus of pleasure during latent stage

A

Developing new skills, knowledge and same-sex friendship

47
Q

What is libido sublimated with during the latent stage?

A

Sports and hobbies

48
Q

Sign of successful completion during latent stage

A

No particular sign

49
Q

Ages of genital stage

A

Puberty - adulthood

50
Q

Focus of pleasure during genital stage

A

Genital and sexual intercourse

Psychology (104 decks)

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