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Psychology > Attachment - Bowlby’s Theory of Maternal Deprivation > Flashcards

Attachment - Bowlby’s Theory of Maternal Deprivation Flashcards

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1
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organisation

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2
Q

When did the WHO commission Bowlby to write a report?

A

After WW2

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3
Q

What did the WHO commission Bowlby to write a report on?

A

The mental health of homeless children post-war

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4
Q

What did Bowlby believe could be harmful for homeless children?

A

Long term deprivation

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5
Q

Deprivation

A

Lack of necessities

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6
Q

What hypothesis did Bowlby state?

A

Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis

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7
Q

Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis

A

Deprivation from main caregiver during critical period will result in harmful affects

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8
Q

What is maternal deprivation?

A

The emotional and intellectual consequences of separation between a child and their mother/substitute mother

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9
Q

What does Bowlby believe to be essential for normal psychological development?

A

Continuous care from a mother

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10
Q

What can separation from the mother (or mother substitute) cause serious damage to?

A

Serious damage to emotional and intellectual development

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11
Q

Deprivation theory (IQ)

A

Deprivation in the critical period causes IQ and mental damage

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12
Q

What does deprivation cause a person to become?

A

An affectionless psychopath

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13
Q

Characteristics of an affectionless psychopath (6)

A

-Lack of emotional development
-Lack of concern for others
-Lack of guilt
-Inability to form meaningful relationships
-Lack of empathy
-Impulsive

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14
Q

Privation

A

Not having the opportunity to form a bond on the first instance

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15
Q

Maternal deprivation

A

A bond or attachment that has been formed with the main caregiver, but has been disrupted for some reason

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16
Q

What piece of key research did Bowlby carry out?

A

‘44 thieves’

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17
Q

What was the aim of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study?

A

To test the maternal deprivation hypothesis

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18
Q

What two groups did Bowlby compare in ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study?

A

He compared 44 juvenile (young) thieves with 44 non-delinquent (non-criminal) children

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19
Q

How did Bowlby get data in ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study?

A

He interviewed children and families

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20
Q

What percentage of young thieves showed affectionless psychopathy in ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study?

A

32%

21
Q

What percentage of non-delinquent (non-criminal) children showed affectionless psychopathy in ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study?

A

0%

22
Q

What had 86% of affectionless psychopaths experienced before the age of 5 in ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study?

A

86% of affectionless psychopaths had experienced long periods of maternal separation before the age of 5

23
Q

How many of the 44 non-delinquent children in ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study had experienced prolonged separation?

A

2

24
Q

What does ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study provide research support for?

A

Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis

25
Q

How did ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study provide research support for the maternal deprivation hypothesis?

A

Because the majority of the affectionless psychopaths had experienced a long period of maternal separation

26
Q

Advantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: Sample size

A

Large sample size

27
Q

Advantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: Support

A

Research supports maternal deprivation hypothesis

28
Q

Advantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: Influence

A

Influential in this area of attachment

29
Q

Advantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: Real world impact

A

Has impacted child care practices

30
Q

Disadvantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: Gender bias

A

Only boys were studied. We can’t assume that female delinquents will give the same results (can’t generalise)

31
Q

Disadvantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: Retrospective

A

For analysis, data was looked back on and this could possibly cause inaccuracies in memory

32
Q

Disadvantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: correlation, not causation

A

We do not know if maternal deprivation caused affectionless psychopath characteristics

33
Q

Disadvantages of ‘Bowlby’s 44 Thieves’ study: investigator effects

A

There is a possibility that the researcher could impact the participant’s responses

34
Q

Who do conducted further research in 1952?

A

Bowlby and Robertson

35
Q

What did Bowlby and Robertson observe in 1952?

A

They observed children experiencing intense distress when separated from their mothers

36
Q

What three PROGRESSIVE stages of distress did Bowlby and Robertson find in 1952?

A
  1. Protest
  2. Despair
  3. Detachment
37
Q

What does the child do during the protest stage of distress according to Bowlby and Robertson?

A

The child cries and protests angrily when the parent leaves and they try to cling onto the parent

38
Q

What does the child do during the despair stage of distress according to Bowlby and Robertson?

A

The child’s protesting begins to stop and they appear calmer. However they are still upset and refuse attempts of comfort

39
Q

What does the child do during the detachment stage of distress according to Bowlby and Robertson?

A

The child begins to engage with other people but rejects their caregiver on return

40
Q

Which 17 month old baby did Robertson and Robertson observe?

A

John

41
Q

Where was John placed for 9 days?

A

In a residential nursery

42
Q

John’s father

A

He worked all day, but visited the nursery

43
Q

How did John display protest?

A

He sobbed and resisted comfort

44
Q

How did John display despair?

A

He played with toys and clung to his teddy bear

45
Q

How did John display detachment?

A

He wouldn’t look at his mother when she returned

46
Q

What did Spitz and Wolf find about the effects of separation in 1947?

A

They found that the effects of separation can be severe

47
Q

Where did Spitz and Wolf conduct research in 1947?

A

In children’s orphanages in South America

48
Q

What two groups did Spitz and Wolf observe?

A

One institution where babies were separated from their mothers at 3 months
Another institution where babies of inmates were separated from their mothers but received regular visits

49
Q

Development of prison babies and orphaned babies

A

Prison babies thrived while the orphaned babies displaced development delays

Psychology (104 decks)

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