The Respiratory System - Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs Flashcards
What are the Trachea and Bronchi made of? Describe they structure
- Incomplete C-shaped rings of cartilage (15-20)
- Rings completed and attached together by dense connective tissue
- Roughly about 12cm long
- Starts from Larynx (CVI Vertebra) passes through superior mediastinum
- Bifurcates (carina) at the margin of superior and inferior mediastinum (TIV-TV intervertebral disc)
What is the Carina?
- The Bifurcation of the Trachea at the margin of superior and inferior mediastinum
What are apart of the Conducting Zone?
- Left and Right Primary Bronchi
- Secondary / lobar Bronchi
- Tertiary / segmental bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
- alveoli
Where is the most likely chance for foreign objects to get stuck in the respiratory system?
- Vocal Cords: The narrowest part of the respiratory tract
- Right Bronchus: Wider, shorter, and wider angle from trachea, so higher chance than the left bronchus
How many secondary bronchi are on the left side? how about the right? (for each lobe)
- Left: 2
- Right: 3
how many tertiary bronchi are on each side?
- 10
What takes part in Respiration?
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveoli
What innervates the Trachea?
- Recurrent laryngeal branch of the Vagus and Cervical Sympathetic Trunks
What supplies blood to the Trachea?
- The Subclavian Arteries
Where are the Lungs?
- the Thoracic Cavity
What are the surfaces and areas of the lungs?
- Apex
- Costal or lateral surface
- Mediastinal or medial surface
- Diaphragmatic, concave shape, inferior surface, or base of the lung
What are the borders of the lungs?
- Anterior Border
- Posterior Border
- Inferior Border: anteriorly is a rib 6, laterally is at rib 8, posteriorly is at rib 10
What is at the Hilum (root) of the lung?
- Pulmonary Artery
- Pulmonary Vein
- Bronchus
How many lobes does the Right Lung have?
- 3 lobes
How many lobes does the left lung have?
- 2 lobes
What are the fissures on the lungs?
- Right Lung: oblique fissure and horizontal fissure
- Left Lung: oblique fissure
How many segments in each lung?
- 10
What is on the Anterior border of the left lung?
- Cardiac Notch: indentation providing space for the heart
Which lung is heavier?
- right lung
What are the different Pleura? Where are they?
- Parietal Pleura: lines the inside of thorax
- Visceral Pleura: directly attached on the lung surfaces (except the hilum which is the point of entry and exit for bronchi and vessels)
What is the Pleural Space (cavity)?
- The space between the two layers, contains small amount of fluid for lubrication, negative pressure inside for respiration.
What are the Costodiaphragmatic (costo-phrenic) recesses? landmarks?
- edges close to the diaphragm
- serves as a reserved space for the lungs to expand to
Landmarks - rib 8 anteriorly
- rib 10 midaxillary
- Rib 12 posteriorly
What innervates the Pleura?
- Pulmonary Plexus: Branches of the Vagus nerves and sympathetic Trunk (T1-T4).
What constricts the Bronchioles? What dilate bronchioles?
Constricts
- Vagus Nerve
Dilates
- Sympathetic Nerves
