Reproductive System - Female Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two Peritoneal Pouches in the Female Reproductive System?
A
- Uterovesical Pouch
- Rectouterine Pouch
2
Q
Where is the Uterovesical Pouch?
A
- Between the Uterus and Bladder
3
Q
Where is the Rectouterine Pouch? What is another name for it?
A
Location
- Between Uterus and Rectum
Name
- Douglas Pouch
4
Q
What is the deepest peritoneal part in females?
A
- The Rectouterine Pouch (Douglas Pouch)
5
Q
What happens if there is an accumulation of fluid in the Rectouterine Pouch?
A
- Bulging in the rectum or vaginal canal
6
Q
Is the Reproductive System an opening to the peritoneal cavity in Females or Males?
A
- Females
7
Q
What is the shape of the Ovaries?
A
- Egg shaped, 31.51 cm
8
Q
Where are the Ovaries located?
A
- The lateral walls of the true pelvis
9
Q
What do the Ovaries do?
A
- Produce Eggs (or ovum)
- Produce Hormone (Estrogen and Progesterone)
10
Q
What is the Ovarian Ligament? What does it do?
A
Ovarian Ligament - A true band or ligament Function - Attaches Ovary to the side of the uterus - Stabilizes Ovaries in their place
10
Q
What is the Ovarian Ligament? What does it do?
A
Ovarian Ligament - A true band or ligament Function - Attaches Ovary to the side of the uterus - Stabilizes Ovaries in their place
11
Q
What are the Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes?
A
- The path that the Ovum travel along towards the Uterus from the Ovaries
12
Q
Describe the Path of the Ovum during Ovulation.
A
- Egg released into peritoneal Cavity
- Fimbriae start to move under the influence of LH Surge
- Fimbriae grab the egg cells and pass it to the Infundibulum
- Then to the Ampulla
- Then to the Isthmus
- The egg reaches to the Lumen of the Uterus
13
Q
What is the Fimbriae?
A
- Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tube
14
Q
What is the Infundibulum?
A
- First Part of the Fallopian Tube?
15
Q
What is the Ampulla in the female reproductive system?
A
- Widest part of the fallopian tube, where fertilization usually happens
16
Q
What is the Isthmus of the Female Reproductive system?
A
- The last part of the Fallopian Tube that is just before the Uterus
17
Q
What is the Lumen of the Uterus?-
A
- Triangular space heading towards the cervix
18
Q
What are the 4 parts of the Fallopian Tubes?
A
- The Fimbriae: Finger-like projections on the end
- The Infundibulum: The first part
- The Ampulla: The widest part of the fallopian Tube where fertilization occurs
- The isthmus: Just before the Uterus
19
Q
What Causes the Fimbriae to move towards the ovum?
A
- Surge of LH: Luteinizing Hormone
20
Q
What does increased Estrogen do in relation to the Fimbriae?
A
- Reduces Movement
- Causes infertility
21
Q
What is the heaviest organ in the pelvic region of the female anatomy? What are its dimensions?
A
- The Uterus
- 7.5cm in Height
- 5cm in width
- 2.5cm in thickness of the wall
22
Q
What is the Fundus in the Female Reproductive System?
A
- The part of the uterus that sits above the junction of the fallopian tube and the uterus
23
Q
What is the Body of the Uterus?
A
- The part of the Uterus that sits below the Junction of the Fallopian Tube and continues as the Cervix. `
24
What are the 2 parts of the Cervix?
- Internal Ostium
| - External Ostium
25
What is the Internal Ostium of the Cervix?
- The Proximal Opening of the Cervical Canal
26
What is the External Ostium of the Cervix? What is its clinical importance?
External Ostium
- The Distal Opening of the Cervical Canal, opens into the vaginal canal
Clinical Importance
- Detecting Transitional Changes in the Epithelium of Uterus (Early Tumoral Changes)
27
What is the Vagina made of? Where is it located?
Make-up
- Fibromuscular tube
Location
- From the Vestibule (external genitalia) to the Cervix of the Uterus
28
What is the Fornix? What accumulates there and what happens to it?
Fornix
- The Circular Space is all around the Cervix, part of the vaginal canal
Accumulation
- semen accumulates for one and a half hours. Then Protein produced by the prostate degrades and sperm becomes motile
29
How many Ligaments are in the Female Reproductive System? What are their names?
```
#
- 5
Names
- Broad Ligament
- Uterosacral Ligament
- Ovarian Ligament
- Round (Teres) Ligament
- Transverse Cervical Ligament (aka cardinal ligament)
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30
What is the Broad Ligament of the Female Reproductive System?
- Double layer of peritoneum that connects the uterus to the pelvic wall laterally
31
What are the different parts of the Broad Ligament in the Female Reproductive System?
- Mesosalpinx: Immediately below the fallopian tube
- Mesoovarium: Attaches to the Ovaries
- Mesometrium: Connects the body to the Pelvic Wall
32
What is the Uterosacral Ligament? What is its function?
Uterosacral Ligament
- A true ligament embedded in the broad ligament
Function
- Pulls Back the Cervix
33
Where is the Ovary located in relation to the Broad Ligament?
- Posterior
34
Where is the Ureter in relation to the Broad Ligament in the Female Reproductive System?
- Embedded in the Broad Ligament
35
Where is the Ovarian Ligament? What is its Function?
Location
- Embedded between the two layers of the Broad Ligament
Function
- Connects the ovary to the uterus and stabilize the ovary in their places
36
Where is the Round (Teres) Ligament in the Female Reproductive System? What is its Function?
Location
- Attaches to the lateral side of the uterus, continues anteriorly, passes through the inguinal canal and after exiting the canal, attaches to the symphysis pubis.
Function
- Pulls uterus forward and stabilizes it
- Change in the angle between the uterus body and vaginal canal could lead to infertility
37
Where is the Transverse Cervical Ligament (aka cardinal ligament) in the Female Reproductive System? What is its Function?
Location
- Peritoneal Ligament, attaching the vaginal canal to the pelvic wall
Function
- Seems to be the continuation of the broad ligament
38
What ligaments in the Female Reproductive System are important for the normal Positioning of the Uterus? What do they do?
- Round Ligament: Pulls the body of the uterus forward
| - Uterosacral Ligament: Pulls back the cervix
39
What are the 2 important axes of the Female Reproductive System?
- Anti-Flexion: The angle between the Axis of the Uterus and the Axis of the Cervix. 120-130 degrees
- Anti-Version: The angle between the Axis of the Vagina and the Axis of the Cervix. 90-110 degrees.
40
What is the Internal Ostium covered by during normal angles of the Uterus, Cervix, and Vagina?
- The Posterior Wall
41
What are the Labia Majora and Labia Minors?
- Labia Majora: Skin Folds, on the external genitalia of females
- Labia Minors: Subsets of skin folds of the labia majora
42
What is the space between the two labia minora? What does it do?
- Vestibule: Receives the vaginal canal, mucosal fold (hymen), urethra, major vestibular glands openings (lubricating the vagina), and clitoris in anterior
43
What is located at either side of the vestibule of the female external genitalia?
- Two erectile tissue: Bulbs of Vestibule and Crus of Clitoris.
44
What are the Bulbs of Vestibules and Crus of Clitoris? What do they make up?
What are they
- Erectile components
Make-up
- The Clitoris
45
What is the Breast?
- Modified Sweat Gland
46
Where is the base of the Breast Located?
- The base: sitting in front of ribs 2-6, between the skin and pectoralis major muscle
47
What innervates the sensitivity of the skin of the Breast?
- T4-T6
48
Where is the Breast Located?
- Hypodermis or superficial fascia: loose connective tissue below the skin (not part of the skin)
49
What layers of the Breast are after the skin?
- Superficial Fascia: Expands enough to house the breast and fat
- Areola: Change color during pregnancy, after pregnancy never back to the normal color
- Pectoralis Major: Just deep to the breast, a deep fascia covers the pectoralis major
50
What are the Suspensory Ligaments of the Breast?
- Dense connnective tissue that arrise from the deep fascia of the pectoralis major, extension into the breast tissue
- Divide the breast into lobes (8-15)
51
Do both Lobes of the breast share the same duct?
- NO
52
What are the Lactiferous Ducts?
- Carry Mild from the lobes of the Breasts
53
Where is milk stored in the lobes of the Breast?
- Sinuses located in the nipple
