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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Muscles - Head & Neck > Flashcards

Muscles - Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different ways a Muscle can be named? (7)

A
  • Shape
  • Location
  • Attachment
  • Number of Heads
  • Function
  • Direction of Fibers
  • Size
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2
Q

What are some examples of Muscles named for their shape?

A
  • Rhomboid
  • Trapezius
  • Deltoid
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3
Q

What are some muscles that are named for their locations?

A
  • Pectoralis (pectoral region)
  • Intercostal
  • Brachialis
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4
Q

What are some muscles named after their attachment location?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid

- Stylohyoid

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5
Q

What are some muscles named after the number of heads?

A
  • Biceps Brachii (two heads)

- Quadriceps Femoris (four heads)

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6
Q

What are some muscles named after their function?

A
  • Extensor Digitorum

- Erector Spinae

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7
Q

What are some muscles named after the direction of their fibers?

A
  • Transverse Abdominis

- Rectus Capitis

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8
Q

What are some muscles named after their size?

A
  • Gluteus Maximus

- Vastus Medialis

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9
Q

What are the Three types of muscles?

A
  • Smooth Muscle Tissue
  • Cardiac Muscle Tissue
  • Skeletal Muscle Tissue
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10
Q

Where would smooth muscles be found? what is their function?

A 
Locations
- Blood vessels 
- Hollow viscera
Function
- Involuntary movements in viscera
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11
Q

Where would cardiac muscle be found? what are their functions?

A

Location
- In the heart
Function
- Causes Rhythmic involuntary contractions

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12
Q

Where would skeletal muscles be found? What are their functions?

A 
Locations
- Attached to bones
Function
- Locomotion
- Movement of joints at the level of joints
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13
Q

What are the four important features for muscles orientations?

A
  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Function
  • Innervation
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14
Q

What is the Origin of a muscle?

A
  • The attachment area that remains stationary during muscle contraction
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15
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A
  • The area of attachment that usually moves during contraction
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16
Q

What is the Function of a muscle?

A
  • Moving the insertion towards the origin

- or Putting them in the same plane (ex. SCM: turns head)

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17
Q

What is the innervation of a muscle?

A
  • The peripheral component of the somatic nervous system
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18
Q

Where is the Occipitofrontalis Muscle Located?

A
  • The Head (scalp)
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19
Q

What is the Structure of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle? What are the names of the different structures?

A 
Structure 
- Two Bellies connected by Firm Fibers
Names
- Bellies: Frontal Belly and Occipital Belly
- Firm Fibers: Epicranial Aponeurosis
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20
Q

What is the Function of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle?

A
  • Moves skin of the head

- Frontal Belly: throws wrinkles in skin of forehead during exclamation

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21
Q

What is the Occipitofrontalis Muscle Innervated By?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
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22
Q

What are the Two types of Facial Muscles?

A
  • Superficial Muscles

- Deep Muscles

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23
Q

What Innervates the Superficial Muscles of the Face?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
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24
Q

What is the Function of the Superficial Muscles of the Face?

A
  • Provide tension to the skin of the face

- Muscles of Expression

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25
Q

What is the attachment of the superficial muscles of the face?

A
  • Deep surface of the skin
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26
Q

What are the Three categories of Superficial Muscles of the Face?

A
  • Muscles around the Eye
  • Muscles around the Nose
  • Muscles around the Mouth
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27
Q

Where is the Orbicularis Oculi attched?

A
  • The Maximal Bone: around the eye
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28
Q

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi?

A
  • Squeeze/soft close of the eye

- Help drain tears to eye

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29
Q

What nerve innervates the Orbicularis Oculi?-

A
  • Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
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30
Q

What is the structure of the Nasalis?

A
  • Short Muscular bridge over the nose
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31
Q

What is the origin point of the Nasalis Muscle?

A
  • Maxilla Bone
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32
Q

What is the Function of the Nasalis?

A
  • Widen and Dilate the nostrils

- Maximize the air in inhalation

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33
Q

What Innervates the Nasalis?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
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34
Q

What is the Structure of the Orbicularis Oris?

A
  • From the core of the upper and lower lips
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35
Q

What is the attachment points of the Orbicularis Oris?

A
  • Maxilla and Mandible
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36
Q

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oris?

A
  • Close the Lips

- Purse the lips

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37
Q

What innervates the Orbicularis Oris?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
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38
Q

What are the two small muscles around the Mouth?

A
  • Risorius Muscle

- Zygomaticus Major Muscle

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39
Q

Where is the Risorius Muscle attachment points?

A
  • The Fascia over the parotid gland
40
Q

What is the Origin of the Risorius Muscle?

A

The angle of the mouth

41
Q

What is the function of the Risorius Muscle?

A
  • Retracts the angle of the mouth during smiling
42
Q

What innervates the Risorius Muscle?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
43
Q

Where is the Zygomaticus Major Muscle attached?

A
  • The Zygomatic Bone
44
Q

What is the origin of the Zygomaticus Major Muscle?

A
  • The angle of the mouth
45
Q

What is the function of the Zygomaticus Major Muscle?

A
  • Pulls the angle of the mouth up
46
Q

What Innervates the Zygomaticus Major Muscle?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
47
Q

What are the Deep Muscles of the Face Innervated by?

A
  • Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal

- V3: Mandibular Branch

48
Q

What are the 4 important Deep Muscles of the Face?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial Pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid
49
Q

What Is the origin of the Temporalis?

A
  • Temporal Bone
50
Q

What is the Insertion of the Temporalis Muscle?

A
  • Coronoid Process of the Mandible
51
Q

What is the Function of the Temporalis?

A
  • Elevates the Mandible (closes the Mouth)
52
Q

What is the Origin of the Masseter Muscle?

A
  • The Zygomatic Arch
53
Q

What is the Insertion of the Masseter Muscle?

A
  • Lateral Surface of the Ramus of the Mandible
54
Q

What is the Function of the Masseter?

A
  • Elevate the Mandible, the most powerful muscle in the body.
55
Q

What is the Origin of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Pterygoid of the Sphenoid Bone
56
Q

What is the Insertion of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Medial surface of the ramus of the mandible
57
Q

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Elevating the Mandible
58
Q

What is the Origin of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Pterygoid of the Sphenoid, runs horizontally
59
Q

What is the Insertion of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Neck (below condylar process) of the mandible. close to the TMJ.
60
Q

What is the Function of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Protrusion (unlocking of the TMJ and pulls forward) of the mandible
61
Q

When is the TMJ stable? when is it unstable?

A

Stable
- When it is locked
Unstable
- When it is unlocked

62
Q

How many Muscles move the eye?

A
  • 7
63
Q

What Cranial Nerves Innervate the Muscles that move the eye?

A
  • Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor
  • Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear
  • Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens
64
Q

What Extra-Ocular Muscle does not attach to the Eye?

A
  • Levator Palpebrae Superioris
65
Q

What is the Function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

A
  • Elevates the superior eyelid, to open your eye
66
Q

What are the two categories of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Muscles?

A
  • Elevators (longitudinal Muscles)

- Constrictors (circular Muscle)

67
Q

What Cranial Nerve innervates the Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Muscles?

A
  • Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
68
Q

What is the Function of the Laryngeal Elevator Muscle?

A
  • Elevate both the Larynx and the Pharynx

- Contributes to swallowing, Larynx gets pulled up to close off the airway

69
Q

What is the function of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle?

A
  • Constrict, narrows the larynx during swallowing, preventing foreign objects from entering into the larynx
70
Q

How many Intrinsic muscles are in the Larynx? What innervates them?

A


- 9 pairs

Innervated By
- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve

71
Q

Where is the Palatine (Palatal) Muscle Located?

A
  • Between the Base of the Skull and Soft Palate
72
Q

What innervates the Palatine (palatal) Muscle?

A
  • Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
73
Q

What is the Function of the Palatine (Palatal) Muslces?

A
  • Elevate the Soft Palate
74
Q

How many muscles are in the Tongue? What are they innervated by?

A


- 19

Innervated By
- Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

75
Q

What are the Functions of the Muscles of the Tongue?

A
  • Movement of the tongues in different directions
76
Q

What is the origin of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue?

A

Outside the Tongue (a bone)

  • Styloid
  • Hyoid
  • Mandible
77
Q

What is the Insertion point of all Muscles of the Tongue?

A
  • The Tongue
78
Q

What is the Origin of the Intrinsic Tongue Muscles?

A
  • The Tongue
79
Q

What are the two classifications for Muscles of the Neck?

A
  • Superficial Muscles

- Deep Muscles

80
Q

What is the Origin of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A
  • Sternum

- Clavicle

81
Q

What kind of muscle is the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A
  • Superficial Muscle of the Neck
82
Q

What is the insertion point for the Sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone
83
Q

What Innervates the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle?

A
  • Cranial Nerve XI: Accessory
84
Q

What are the Functions of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle?

A

One-Side
- Turns the head to the contralateral side
Both Sides
- The Chin Forward when your head is level and flexes the neck

85
Q

What is the Hyoid Bone in relation to Muscles of the Neck?

A
  • A landmark to subdivide the superficial muscles
86
Q

What is the origin of the Suprahyoid Muscles?

A
  • Arising from mandible and temporal bones attached to the hyoid bone
87
Q

What innervates the Suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal

- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial

88
Q

What is the Function of the Suprahyoid Muscles?

A
  • Opens the Mouth
89
Q

What is the Origin of the Infrahyoid Muscles?

A
  • Clavicle and Sternum attached to the hyoid
90
Q

What innervates the Infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Ansa Cervicalis: branch of the Cervical Plexus
91
Q

What is the Function of the Infrahyoid Muscles?

A
  • Pulls down the Hyoid: stabilize the hyoid bone and creates a base for the suprahyoid muscles
92
Q

What innervates the deep muscles of the neck?

A
  • Ventral Rami of the Cervical Spinal Nerve
93
Q

What type of muscles are the Scalenes Muscles?

A
  • Deep Muscles of the Neck
94
Q

What is the Origin of the Scalenes Muscles?

A
  • Transverse Process of Cervical Vertebrate
95
Q

What is the Insertion Point of the Scalenes Muscles?

A
  • Ribs 1 & 2
96
Q

What is the Function of the Scalenes Muscles?

A
  • Elevation of the First Two Ribs: Accessory Breathing Muscles

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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