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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Digestive System - Upper GI > Flashcards

Digestive System - Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the Digestive System?

A
  • The Alimentary Canal

- Accessory Organs

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2
Q

What is the correct order of the length of the Alimentary Canal?

A
  • Starts from the oral cavity → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → the small intestine → large intestine → ends at the anus
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3
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A
  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Salivary Glands
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gall Bladder
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4
Q

What are the 4 borders of the oral cavity? what are their landmarks?

A
  • Anterior: Lips
  • Lateral: cheeks
  • Superior: Palate
  • Inferior: Tongue
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5
Q

What are the two oral cavity spaces?

A
  • The Vestibule

- The Oral Cavity Proper

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6
Q

What is the Vestibule cavity of the Oral Cavity?

A
  • Between the dental arches and the lips and cheeks
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7
Q

Where is the Oral Cavity Proper located?

A
  • Behind the Dental Arches to Oropharyngeal Isthmus
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8
Q

What are the Features of the Oral Cavity Space?

A
  • Lips
  • Tongue
  • Hard Palate
  • Soft Palate
  • Mucosal Folds
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9
Q

What are the Superior and Inferior Labial Frenulum? What do they do?

A
  • Superior Labial Frenulum: Connects the upper lip to the maxilla, limits lip movement
  • Inferior Labial Frenulum: Connects the lower lip to the mandible, limits the lip movement
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10
Q

What is the Lingual Frenulum?

A
  • Located on anterior and inferior part of the tongue: Limits excessive movement of the tongue
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11
Q

What covers the undersurface of the tongue?

A
  • A very thin layer of mucus membrane that allows access to the bloodstream for medication, alcohol, etc.
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12
Q

What is the Hard Palate?

A
  • Bony Core (maxilla and palatine bones) covered by a mucosal membrane
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13
Q

What is the Soft Palate?

A
  • Muscular Core (palatal muscles), innervated by CN X: Vagus Nerve
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14
Q

What happens to the Soft Palate during swallowing?

A
  • It elevates and spreads out to separate the nasopharynx and oropharynx
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15
Q

What are the two mucosal Folds? What is between them?

A 
Folds
- Palatoglossal Arch
- Palatopharyngeal Arch
Between
- A fossa named palatal tonsils
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16
Q

Where is the Palatoglossal Arch Located?

A
  • From the palate to the tongue
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17
Q

Where is the Palatopharyngeal Arch Located?

A
  • From the Palate to the pharynx
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18
Q

Where is the Oropharyngeal Isthmus?

A
  • The Posterior Boundary of the oral cavity
19
Q

What Innervates the Oral Cavity?

A
  • Upper Half: V2 (maxillary) branch of the CV: Trigeminal

- Lower Half: V3 (mandibular) branch of the CV: Trigeminal

20
Q

What supplies blood to the Oral Cavity?

A
  • Branches of the External Carotid
21
Q

What are the Features and Parts of the Teeth? What is their composition?

A 
Features
- Crown
- Neck (in touch with the gum)
- Root (within the alveolar bone of the jaw)
Composition
- 3 Calcified Tissues
22
Q

What is the core of the teeth made of?

A
  • Dentin
23
Q

Describe the structure of dentin? What produces it?

A

Structure
- Very hard: cannot resist against physical and chemical stresses
Produced by
- Group of cells that are maintained in the body; therefore, damage can be repaired

24
Q

What is Enamel?

A
  • Covers the core of the crown (hardest part of the body) (pearl white in color)
25
Q

Can Enamel be repaired?

A
  • No (can not be repaired or reproduced after the eruption of teeth)
26
Q

What are the Cementum?

A
  • covers the core in the root
27
Q

Where is the Pulp Cavity? What is it filled with?

A

Location
- Within the Dentin Core
Filled With
- Nerves and Vessels

28
Q

What is a root Canal?

A
  • The Extension of the Pulp Cavity into the Root
29
Q

What is the Periodontal Ligament?

A
  • Binds the root to the alveolar bone
30
Q

What are the Teeth innervated by? What supplies blood to the teeth?

A

Innervated
- Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal
Blood Supply
- Branches of External Carotid

31
Q

What is the Tongue separated by?

A
  • A terminal sulcus
32
Q

What are the two sides of the tongue that are separated by the terminal sulcus?

A
  • The Root of the Tongue (aka: the posterior 3rd of the tongue or the pharyngeal tongue)
  • The Body of the Tongue (aka: the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue or the oral part)
33
Q

What are the Lingual Papillae?

A
  • Circumvallate Papilla
  • Foliate Papilla
  • Fungiform Papilla
  • Filiform
34
Q

Where are the Circumvallate Papilla located?

A
  • Epithelial elevations in front of the terminal sulcus
35
Q

Where are the Foliate Papilla located?

A
  • On the sides of the tongue
36
Q

Where is the Fungiform Papilla located?

A
  • On the Dorsal Surface Anteriorly
37
Q

Where are the Filiform located? What is their purpose?

A

Location
- Everywhere on the tongue
Function
- Not Tastebuds; They add to the friction of the tongue to make chewing of the bolus more efficient

38
Q

What is the Tongue Tissue composed of?

A
  • Anterior 2/3rds: skeletal muscle

- Posterior Part: Lymphoid tissue, organized into pairs of lingual tonsils

39
Q

What innervates the Tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3rds
- General Sensation: Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal, V3: Mandibular
- Special Sense (taste): Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
Posterior 3rd
- Both General and Special Senses: Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal

40
Q

What supplies blood to the tongue?

A
  • Lingual branch of the external carotid
41
Q

What is the path of the Esophagus? from start to end?

A

Starts at the CVI vertebra → neck → superior mediastinum → posterior inferior mediastinum → passes through the diaphragm at the level of TX → enters the stomach at the level of TXI

42
Q

What are the muscles of the esophagus innervated by?

A
  • Branches of Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
43
Q

What supplies blood to the esophagus?

A
  • Branches of the Subclavian Artery

- The Visceral Branches of the Thoracic Aorta

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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