Bones - Lower Limb Flashcards
What Bone makes up the Pelvic Girdle?
- The Hip Bone
What Bones make up the Hip Bone? And How are those bones connected?
Bones - Ilium - Ischium - Pubis Connection - Bones are fused together during growth - Meet in a Y shape at the Acetabulum, location of articulation with Femur
What are the Boney Features of the Ilium visible from the Lateral view? (7)
- Iliac Crest: Superior Anterior brim of Iliac
- Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS): anterior and inferior to Iliac Crest
- Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS): Posterior protrusion
- Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS): Inferior to ASIS
- Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS): Inferior to PSIS
- Greater Sciatic Notch: Anterior and Inferior to PIIS
- Gluteal Surface: lateral flat surface of the Ilium
What are the Boney Features of the Ilium visible from the Medial view? (3)
- Iliac Fossa: Wing of Ilium, large muscle originates there
- Medial Border (arcuate line): Bony ridge, just below the fossa
- Auricular Surface: articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum, making the sacroiliac joint
What are the boney features of the ischium visible from the Lateral view? Describe them
- Ischial Spine: Just below the Greater Sciatic Notch. separates greater/lesser sciatic notch
- Lesser Sciatic Notch: Just below Ischial Spine
- Ischial Tuberosity: large boney elevation. Sit on it
- Obturator Foramen: Large opening, passage for major blood vessels and nerves. Triangle in Females, Oval in Males
What are the boney features of the Ischial visible from the medial view?
- Ischiopubic Ramus: Most Inferior part, belongs to both pubis and ischium
What are the boney features of the pubic bone visible from the Lateral view?
- Pubic Crest: Close to the midline, prominent boney ridge. Anterior aspect.
What are the boney features of the pubic bone visible from a medial view?
- Superior Pubic Ramus: Boney Ridge
- Body of Pubis: Square piece of bone, location of the pubic symphysis
- Pectineal Line: Continuous with Medial Border of Ilium. origin of pectineus muscle
What is the Superior Pelvic Aperture and what boney landmarks(4) contribute to it?
- Superior Pelvic Aperture: also known as the pelvic brim. The circular area separates the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
- Sacral Promontory: prominent point on the anterior side of S1. Contributes to the Posterior portion of the Pelvic Brim
- Arcuate Line: smooth curved ridge on Iliam. forms the posteromedial and posterolateral portion of the pelvic brim.
- Pectineal Line: Forms the anteromedial and anterolateral portion of the pelvic brim.
- Pubic Crest: forms the anterior portion of the pelvic brim.
Men’s Pelvic Brim is Heart Shaped, Women’s Oval
What is the Pubic Symphysis?
- The location where the two hip bones fuse together
- The body of the pubis on both bones connect via symphysis joint
What is the False Pelvis?
- The space above the superior pelvic aperture
- Also called the Greater Pelvis
What is the Inferior Pelvic Aperture and what boney landmarks (5) contribute to it?
Inferior Pelvic Aperture
- Hole of Pelvis viewed Inferiorly
- Also called Pelvic Outlet
Components
- Public Symphysis: Most Anterior part
- Ischiopubic Ramus: Anterolateral and Anteromedial part of Pelvic Outlet
- Ischial Tuberosity: Forms the lateral part of the Pelvic outlet
- Sacrotuberous Ligament: Stretches from Ischial Tuberosity across to Coccyx
- Coccyx: Most Posterior point of Pelvic Outlet
What is the True Pelvis?
- The space between the superior pelvic aperture and the inferior pelvic aperture
- also called the Lesser Pelvis
What are some structural Features of the Femur? (4)
- It’s a Long Bone
- Your Height = (roughly) 4x the length of your femur
- It has a Proximal End
- It has a Distal End
Name, location, and description of Boney features on Proximal End of Femur (6)
- Head: Most Proximal and Medial Point, & Round ball shape
- Neck: Distal to Head, & skinny
- Greater Trochanter: Proximal Lateral, Rough Projection (palpable)
- Lesser Trochanter: Inferior to neck, Rough projection on medial side
- Body (shaft): Long middle piece
- Linea Aspera: on the Posterior body of Femur, Rough Lin
Name, Location, and Description of Boney Features on Distal End of Femur (5)
- Medial Condyle: Distal and Medial, the tip of the medial bulb
- Lateral Condyle: Distal and Lateral, Tip of lateral bulb
- Adductor Tubercle: Proximal to Medial Condyle, site of insertion for adductor magnus muscle
- Intercondylar Notch(Fossa): Posterior Distal, located between condyles, location of cruciate ligament in the knee joint
What are the components of the Tibia?
- Proximal End
- Distal End
What are some structural characteristics of the Tibia?
- Concave Articular Surface: articulates with the femur
- Weight Transfer to Feet
Name, location, and description of the boney features on the proximal end of the Tibia (3)
- Medial Condyle: Proximal Medial Protrusion
- Lateral Condyle: Proximal Lateral Protrusion
- Tibial Tuberosity: Proximal and Anterior, inferior to condyles but on the midline. Insertion point for Quadricpes Femoris Muscle
Name, location, and description of boney feature on distal end of Tibia (1)
- Medial Malleolus: Distal and Medial. Protrudes Inferiorly.
What Components make up the Fibula?
- Proximal end
- Distal End
Name, Location, and Description of the boney features on the proximal end of the Fibula (2)
- Head: proximal end, round, articulates with the lateral condyle of Tibia
- Neck: Located just distal to the head. If fractured, can cause fibular nerve injury and inability to dorsiflexion
Name, location, and description of boney features on the distal end of the Fibula (1)
- Lateral Malleolus: Distal Lateral side of the ankle. Provides stability.
- upper 2/3 of fibula does not aid weight-bearing, only bottom 1/3 does*
What Type of bones are in the foot and how many bones are in each section?
Tarsal - 7 bones - Short Bones Metatarsal - 5 bones - long bones Toes - 14 bones - long bones
