Bones - Upper Limb Flashcards
What bones make up the Pectoral (shoulder) Gridle? What is its Function?
Bones - The Clavicles (collar bones) - Scapula Function - Appends the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
Describe the ends and curves of the Clavicles
The Ends - Medial (sternal) end: round - Lateral (acromial) end: Flat The Curves - Medial Curve: Convex Anteriorly - Lateral Curve: Concave Anteriorly
What Ribs does the Scapula Cover? What is the main feature?
Ribs
- II-VII on the posterolateral part of the Thorax
Feature
- Triangular in Shape
What is the name of the Anterior surface of the Scapula and what is its shape?
Name
- Subscapular Fossa
Shape
- Concave in shape
What are the defining features on the posterior surface of the scapula? (4)
- Spine of the Scapula: bony ridge that divides the surface into two fossa
- Supraspinous Fossa: superior to the spine
- Infraspinous Fossa: inferior to the spine
- Acromion: Flat bony plate. The spine of the scapula extends laterally to this.
Name the Borders of the Scapula and any important features
- Lateral
- Medial
- Superior: contains finger-like boney projections called the coracoid process (points anterolaterally)
Name the Angles of the Scapula and any significant Features
- Superior
- Inferior
- Lateral:
- Glenoid Cavity: covered with hyaline cartilage. Articulates with the head of the humerus.
- Supraglenoid Tubercle: exists superior to the glenoid cavity
- Infraglenoid Tubercle: exists inferiorly to the glenoid cavity
What are the three sections of the Humerus?
- Proximal End: most proximal part
- The Body (shaft): middle section
- The Distal End: most distal part
Name and Describe the boney features of the Proximal End of the Humerus? (5)
- Head: smooth spherical surface
- Anatomical Neck: the narrowing immediately below the head
- Greater and Lesser Tubercles: two boney prominences below the anatomical neck
- Intertubercular (bicipital) groove or sulcus: groove that separates tubercles
- Surgical Neck: narrowing at the proximal end, distal to tubercles. Most common fracture point.
Name and Describe the boney features on the Body (shaft) of the Humerus? (2)
- Deltoid Tuberosity: A flat boney elevation on the lateral side
- Radial (spiral) Groove: Behind and Below the Deltoid Tuberosity. Runs Inferolaterally
Name and Describe the Boney Features on the Distal End of the Humerus? (6)
- Capitulum: Round articular surface on the lateral side
- Trochlea: Pulley shaped articular surface on the medial side
- Epicondyles: two boney ridges on the medial (proximal to trochlea) and the lateral (proximal to the capitulum)
- Radial Fossa: superior to the capitulum (anterior side)
- Coronoid Fossa: Superior to the trochlea (anterior side)
- Olecranon Fossa: Superior to the trochlea (posterior side)
What are the 3 sections of the Radius?
- Proximal End
- Body
- Distal End
Name and Describe the Boney Features of the Proximal End of the Radius?
- Head: short and cylindrical
- Neck: inferior to the Head
- Radial Tuberosity: protrusion inferior to the Neck
Name and Describe the boney features on the Body of the Radius
Borders: three borders that are triangular in a cross-section
Medial Border: Location of the Interosseous border
Name and Describe the boney features on the Distal End of the Radius
- Styloid Process: on the lateral aspect
- Ulnar Notch: on the medial side
Name the three sections of the Ulna
- Proximal End
- Body
- Distal End
Name and describe the Bony Features of the Proximal End of the Ulna
- Olecranon Process: Top part of the wrench
- Coronoid Process: The bottom part of the wrench
- Trochlear Notch: between the olecranon and coronoid processes
- Radial Notch: located lateral to the coronoid process, articulates with head of radius
Name and Describe the Boney Feature of the Body of the Ulna
- Borders: three borders and three surfaces (triangular in cross-section)
- Interosseous Border: sharp prominence of the lateral border
Name and Describe the boney features of the Distal End of the Ulna
- Head: round
- Styloid Process: points inferiorly
Name the Three Types of bones in the Hand and how many are in each hand
Carpal: 8 bones. Small Bones.
Metacarpals: 5 bones. small, long bones.
Digits: 14 bones. Phalanges. Long bones.
Name the Proximal Row of Carpals in the hand from lateral to medial
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
Name the Distal Row of Carpals from Lateral to Medial
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
Describe the structure of Metacarpals and how they are named
Structure - Proximal End: Head - Body - Distal End: Head Naming - Numbered from lateral (thumb) to medial (pinky)
Describe the Structure of Digits and how they are named
Structure
- Each Digit contains three phalanges except the Thumb
Naming
- Phalanges are named as Proximal, Middle, and Distal
- The Thumb only has a Proximal and Distal Phalange
