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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Nervous System - The Brain > Flashcards

Nervous System - The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main lobes of the Cerebellum?

A
  • The Anterior Lobe
  • The Posterior Lobe
  • Flocculonodular Lobe
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2
Q

What separates the Right and Left Hemisphere of the Cerebellum?

A
  • The Vermis: looks like worm
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3
Q

What is on the surface of the Cerebellum?

A
  • Gray Matter
  • Folia: grooves
  • Primary Fissure: deepest fissure
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4
Q

What does the Primary Fissure do?

A
  • Separates the cerebellum into the anterior lobe and posterior lobe
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5
Q

What makes up the core of the Cerebellum? What is it called?

A
  • White Matter: named Arbor Vitae (tree of life)
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6
Q

What is the Cerebellum involved in?

A
  • Coordination of voluntary movements

- Maintenance of posture and balance

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7
Q

What is the Cerebellar Cortex? What is it made of?

A
  • The gray matter on the outside

- Made up of Cell bodies of Neurons

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8
Q

What is the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?

A
  • Grey Matter embedded within the white matter in the cerebellum
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9
Q

What are the names of the 3 cerebellar peduncles?

A
  • Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
  • Middle Cerebellar Peduncles
  • Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles
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10
Q

What does the Superior Cerebellar Peduncles do?

A
  • Connects the cerebellum to the red nucleus and the thalamus
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11
Q

What do the Middle Cerebellar Peduncles do?

A
  • connects the cerebellum to the pontine nuclei (pons)
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12
Q

What do the Cerebellar Peduncles do?

A
  • Carries fibers that travel through the medulla to reach the cerebellum (spinocerebellar tract)
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13
Q

What structures of the brain are part of the Diencephalon?

A
  • Thalamus
  • The Hypothalamus
  • The Epithalamus
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14
Q

Describe the structure of the Thalamus (2) and what its function is.

A 
Structure
- Egg-shaped
- Contains a group of nuclei
Functions
- Relay center for all senses except for smell
- Relays them to the cerebral hemisphere
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15
Q

Where is the Hypothalamus located in relation to the Thalamus?

A
  • Inferior and Medial
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16
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

A
  • Center of autonomic nervous system

- Regulates major components of the endocrine system through the pituitary glands

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17
Q

Where is the Epithalamus in relation to the Thalamus?

A
  • Posterior
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18
Q

What does the Epithalamus mainly consist of? What is its purpose?

A

Consists of
- The pineal gland: Conarium or Ephiphysis Cerebri
Function
- Regulates Circadian Rhythm
- Distribution of pigment melanin in the skin

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19
Q

What separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

A
  • The Longitudinal Fissure
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20
Q

On the Cerebrum, where is Gray Matter and White Matter Located?

A
  • Gray Matter: Cerebral Cortex, outside layer

- White Matter: Deep to the Cerebral Cortex

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21
Q

What are the different Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres? What are the main ones?

A 
Main
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
Other
- Insular Cortex
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22
Q

What is the main Function of the Frontal Lobe?

A
  • Executive functions; motor command generation
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23
Q

What is the main Function of the Parietal Lobe?

A
  • Somatosensory area; spatial attention; sensory integration
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24
Q

What is the main Function of the Temporal Lobe?

A
  • Primary Auditory Area
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25
Q

What is the Main Function of the Occipital Lobe?

A
  • Visual Processing
26
Q

What is the main Feature of the Insula?

A
  • Taste Impluse Processing
27
Q

What are the important some important Landmarks of the Cerebrum? (3) and what do they do?

A
  • Central Sulcus: Separates the Frontal and Parietal Lobes
  • Lateral Sulcus: Separates the Temporal Lobe from the Frontal and Parietal Lobes
  • Prieto-occipital Sulus: Separates the Parietal and Occipital Lobes (on medial surface)
28
Q

What is the Deep Nuclei?

A
  • The Basal Nuclei (Ganglia):
29
Q

What are the different Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)?

A
  • The Caudate

- The Lenticular Nucleus: Putamen (lateral part) and Globus Pallidus (medial part)

30
Q

What are the Basal Nuclei (ganglia) Functions?

A
  • Coordination of voluntary movements
  • Decides to start and stop voluntary movements
  • Can initiate some thoughts
  • Can stop some thoughts
31
Q

What happens if the Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) are malfunctioning?

A
  • OCD
32
Q

What does the White Matter in the Brain Consist of?

A
  • Myelinated Fibers of Nerve Bundles
33
Q

What are the 3 Classifications of the myelinated fibers of nerve bundles in the White Matter in the Brain?

A
  • Association Fibers
  • Commissural Fibers
  • Projection Fibers
34
Q

Where are Association Fibers Located? What do they do?

A

Location
- the white matter of the brain
Function
- Joins different parts of the same hemisphere

35
Q

Where are the Commissural Fibers located? What is their function?

A

Location
- white matter in the brain
Functions
- Connects parts of one hemisphere to the corresponding parts in the other hemisphere

36
Q

Where are the Projection Fibers located? What is their Function?

A

Location
- white matter of the Brain
Function
- Connects the Cortex to the lower centers of the CNS
(ex. internal Capsule: located between the caudate nucleus and the putamen anteriorly and the thalamus and globus pallidus posteriorly)

37
Q

How many cerebral ventricles are there? What are their names?

A 
# of Ventricles 
- 4
Names 
- Lateral Ventricles (two)
- the Third Ventricle
- The fourth ventricle
38
Q

What connects the Lateral Ventricles to the 3rd Ventricle?

A
  • The Interventricular Foramen
39
Q

What Connects the 3rd Ventricle to the 4th Ventricle?

A
  • The Cerebral Aqueduct
40
Q

What are the three sections of the Lateral Ventricles? Where do they reach to?

A
  • Anterior Horn: Frontal Lobe
  • Posterior Horn: Occipital Lobe
  • Inferior Horn: Temporal Lobe
41
Q

What is the source of Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)?

A
  • Blood Plasma
42
Q

What are the openings on the Fourth Ventricle? (3)

A
  • Medial Aperture

- Lateral Aperture (2x)

43
Q

Where does the CSF exit the ventricular system?

A
  • The Apertures in the Fourth Ventricle
44
Q

What is the main function of the cerebral ventricular system?

A
  • Production and circulate of Cerebral Spinal Fluid

- Release of CSF to subarachnoid space

45
Q

What is the Choroid Process? Function?

A

Choroid Process
- Vascular Plexus in the Cerebral Ventricular System
Function
- Produces Cerebrospinal Fluid

45
Q

What is the Choroid Process? Function?

A

Choroid Process
- Vascular Plexus in the Cerebral Ventricular System
Function
- Produces Cerebrospinal Fluid

46
Q

What are the 3 Meninges Layers?

A
  • Dura Mater
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Pia Mater
47
Q

What are the distinguishable layers of the Dura Mater in the skull?

A
  • Periosteal Layer

- Meningeal Layer

48
Q

Where is the Periosteal Layer Located?

A
  • Part of the Dura Mater in the skull

- Attached to the inner surface of the skull

49
Q

Where is the Meningeal Layer?

A
  • The dura mater of the skull

- Separates from the periosteal layer and reflects into the cerebral fissures to form the dural reflections

50
Q

What are the ridges on the Cerebral Cortex called?

A
  • The Gyrus
51
Q

What are the grooves between the gyrus called?

A
  • The Sulcus
52
Q

How is the Dura Mater different in the spinal cord, compared to the skull?

A

Spine
- two layers are indistinguishable
- Separated from vertebral canal by the epidural space
Skull
- Peritoneal layer is attached to the skull
- Meningeal layer goes into the sulcus of the brain

53
Q

What are the Reflections of the Dura Mater?

A
  • Falx Cerebri
  • Tentorium Cerebelli
  • Falx Cerebelli
54
Q

What is the Falx Cerebri? What does it do?

A 
Falx Cerebri
- Occupies the longitudinal fissure 
- Reflection of the Dura Mater
Function
- Separates the Cerebral Hemispheres
55
Q

What is the Tentorium Cerebelli? What does it do?

A

Tentorium Cerebelli
- Horizontal Reflection of the Dura Mater
Function
- Separates the cerebellum and the occipital lobe

56
Q

What is the Falx Cerebelli? What does it do?

A 
Falx Cerebelli
- Reflection of the Dura Mater
- in the cerebellum
Function
- Separates the Cerebellar hemispheres
57
Q

What are the Dural Sinuses? What do they do?

A

Dural Sinuses
- Channels within the dura reflections
Functions
- They are veins that receive the venous blood of the brain

58
Q

What are Arachnoid Granulations? What do they do?

A

Arachnoid Granulations
- They protrude into the Dural Sinuses
- small finger-like projections of the arachnoid mater
Functions
- They drain cerebrospinal fluid into the sinuses

59
Q

What is the structure of the Arachnoid Mater?

A
  • Thin layer of loose connective tissue

- Separated from the pia matter by the Subarachnoid space

60
Q

What is the structure and function of the Pia Mater?

A

Pia Mater
- Delicate a thin layer of connective tissue
- Touch with the surface of the brain and spinal cord
Function
- Vessels enter the brain from it
- Creates the choroid plexus

61
Q

What is the choroid Process

A

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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