Digestive System - Accessory Glands Flashcards
What are the 3 Salivary Glands?
- Parotid Gland
- Submandibular Gland
- Sublingual Gland
What is the largest Salivary Gland?
- Parotid Gland
Describe the Structure of the Parotid Gland? What is its Function? What Innervates it?
Structure
- Partially covered by the masseter muscle
- Opens into the Vestibule via the parotid duct
Function
- Produces about 30% of saliva
Innervation
- Parasympathetic Fibers of Cranial Nerve IX: glossopharyngeal
Describe the Structure, Function, and Innervation of the Submandibular Gland?
Structure
- Related to the medial surface and the body of the mandible and is covered by the mandibular angle
- The duct opens into the mouth proper behind the dental arches (lingual frenulum)
Function
- Producing up to 40% of the saliva
Innervation
- Parasympathetic Fibers of Cranial Nerve VII: Facial
Describe the Structure, Function, and Innervation of the Sublingual Gland?
Structure
- Sits under the tongue and the mucosal membrane of the oral cavity
- Has multiple ducts that open into the mouth proper (at the summit of the sublingual fold)
Function
- Produces roughly 30% of the saliva
Innervation
- Parasympathetic Fibers of Cranial Nerve VII: Facial
What kind of gland is the Liver?
- Mixed Gland: Endocrine and Exocrine Secretion
Where is the Liver Located?
- Right Hypochondriac, epigastric, and sometimes parts of the left hypochondriac regions
What are the 2 surfaces of the liver? what are they related to?
Surfaces
- Diaphragmatic Surface: related to the diaphragm
- Visceral Surface: related to abdominal viscera
What are 4 surfaces of the Diaphragmatic Surface of the Liver?
- Anterior
- Superior
- Posterior
- Right
What part of the Liver is the Visceral Surface?
- Inferior
What are the 4 lobes of the Liver?
- Right
- Left
- Caudate
- Quadrate
Where are the Right and Left lobes of the liver visible from?
- The anterior View
- The inferior view
What is visible from the Inferior view of the liver?
- The Right Lobe
- The left Lobe
- The quadrate lobe
- the caudate lobe
What are the caudate and quadrate lobes anatomically a part of? What are they functionally a part of?
- Anatomically: The Right Lobe
- Functionally: The Left Lobe
Why are the Caudate and Quadrate lobes functionally a part of the Left Lobe?
- Because the same artery that supplies the left lobe and bile ducts of the left lobe also supply or transfer the bile from the caudate and quadrate lobes
What is the Anterior Surface of the Liver connected to the Posterior Surface of the Anterior Abdominal wall by?
- The Falciform Ligament: a double-layered reflection of peritoneum
What divides the liver into the left and right lobes?
- The Falciform Ligament
Where is the Round Ligament located in the Liver?
Located
- Embedded within the layers of the Falciform Ligament that attaches to the posterior aspect of the umbilicus (remanent of the umbilical vein)
What does the superior surface of the liver connected to the undersurface of the diaphragm by?
- The Coronary Ligament
What makes the impressions on the liver?
Organs that are in touch with the visceral surface
- Left Side: the Stomach
- Right Side: Right Kidney and Hepatic Flexure
What is the Porta Hepatis on the liver?
- The area in which the vessels and ducts enter/exit the liver
What does the Porta Hepatis of the liver contain?
- Common Bile Duct
- Portal Vein
- Hepatic Artery Proper
What carries the bile to the second part of the duodenum?
- The Common Bile Duct of the liver
Where does the Portal Vein of the Porta Hepatis carry venous blood from?
- The GI tract to the liver
What is the Hepatic Artery Proper?
- It is a branch of the Celiac Artery that supplies the Liver
What is the Posterior to the Porta Hepatis?
- The Caudate Lobe
What is anterior to the Porta Hepatis?
- the Quadrate Lobe
What innervates the Liver?
- The Greater Splanchnic Nerve (sympathetic)
- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve (parasympathetic) via the celiac pelxus
What Supplies Blood to the Liver?
- The Common Hepatic Branch of the Celiac Artery
What are the 3 parts of the Gallbladder?
- Fundus: distal end
- Body
- Neck: Proximal Narrowing
What Ducts are a part of the Gallbladder?
- Left/right hepatic duct
Where do the Left/Right hepatic ducts collect bile from?
- The respective lobes of the liver: Common hepatic ducts, cystic duct
What does the gall bladder do to bile?
- It concentrates it
Where is the bile released? Where does it go?
Released - Cystic Duct Goes - Common Bile Duct to - The Second part of the duodenum
What innervates the Gallbladder?
- The Greater Splanchnic Nerve (sympathetic)
- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve (parasympathetic) via the celiac plexus
What supplies blood to the gallbladder?
- Common Hepatic Branch of the Celiac Artery
Is the Pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
- almost entirely Retroperitoneal (covered by retroperitoneal)
What are the parts of the Pancreas?
- Head: surrounded by the duodenum
- Neck
- Body
- Tail: in touch with the spleen
Where is pancreatic exocrine secretion carried through?
- The main pancreatic duct
- The minor pancreatic duct
What joins to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla? Where does it drain?
Joins
- the Main Pancreatic Duct and the Common Bile Duct
Drains
- Into the D2 of the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla
Where does the Minor Pancreatic Duct drain?
- the main pancreatic duct
- Directly into the descending part of the duodenum via the minor duodenal papilla
Where does the pancreas secrete endocrine from?
- Parts of the tail
What supplies blood to the pancreas?
- Common hepatic and splenic branches of the celiac artery
- Branches of the superior mesenteric artery
What innervates the Pancreas?
- Greater splanchnic (sympathetic)
- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus nerve (parasympathetic) via the celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses
