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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Muscles - Lower Limb > Flashcards

Muscles - Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What two groups are the Gluteal Region Muscles divided into?

A
  • Superficial

- Deep

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2
Q

What are the two important Superficial Muscles of the Gluteal Region?

A
  • Gluteus Maximus

- Gluteus Medius

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3
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion point of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?

A

Origin
- Posterior surface of sacrum and lateral surface of ilium
Insertion
- Some to the gluteal tuberosity (on linea aspera behind the greater trochanter) and some continue as the iliotibial (IT) band and insert into the lateral condyle of tibia

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4
Q

What is the Function of the Gluteus Maximus? What Innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime Extensor of the hip, stabilizes the knee when in extension
Innervation
- Directly from the sacral plexus (inferior gluteal nerve)

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5
Q

What are the Origin and Insertion points of the Gluteus Medius?

A

Origin
- Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion
- Lateral surface of greater trochanter

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6
Q

What is the Function of the Gluteus Medius? What innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime Abductor of the Hip
Innervation
- Directly from the sacral plexus (superior gluteal nerve)

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7
Q

How many Deep Muscles of the Gluteal Region are there? What is the Important one?

A


- 5

Important
- Piriformis

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8
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion point of the Piriformis Muscles?

A

Origin
- Anterior Surface of Sacrum
Insertion
- Passes through greater sciatic notch, inserts into posterior surface of greater trochanter

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9
Q

What is the Function of the Piriformis? What Innervates it?

A

Function
- Lateral rotation of the hip
Innervation
- Directly from the sacral plexus (nerve to piriformis)

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10
Q

How is the Thigh Region Muscle Groups divided?

A
  • Anterior
  • Medial
  • Posterior
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11
Q

What are all the Anterior (extensor) muscles of the Thigh innervated by?

A
  • Femoral Nerve (lumbar plexus)
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12
Q

What are the two important muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Iliopsoas muscles

- Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

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12
Q

What are the two important muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Iliopsoas muscles

- Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

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13
Q

What two muscles make up the Iliopsoas Muscle Groups?

A
  • Psoas Major

- Iliacus Muscles

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14
Q

What is the Origin of the Psoas Major? What is the Origin of the Iliacus Muscle? Where do they both insert?

A 
Origin Psoas Major
- Lumbar Vertebrae
Origin Iliacus Major
- Medial Surface of Ileum (iliac fossa)
Insertion (both)
- Lesser trochanter of Femur
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15
Q

What is the Function of the Iliopsoas muscle group? What innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime Flexor of the Hip
Innervation
- Nerves from Lumbar Plexus (same segments as femoral)

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion points of the Quadriceps Femoris?

A 
Origin
- 1 head: AIIS of Hip 
- 3 heads: Shaft of Femur
Insertion 
- Patella (and by extension of the patellar ligament, the tibial tuberosity)
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17
Q

What is the Function of the Quadriceps Femoris? What Innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime extensor of the knee
Innervation
- Femoral Nerve

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18
Q

What Innervates all the Muscles of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh?

A
  • Obturator Nerve
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19
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion Point of the Adductor Magnus Muscle?

A 
Origin
- Posterior Fibers: Ischial Tuberosity
- Anterior Fibers: Ischiopubic Ramus
Insertion
- Posterior Fibers: Linea Aspera
- Anterior Fibers: Adductor Tubercle
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20
Q

What is the Function of the Adductor Magnus Muscle? What innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime Adductor of Hip (anterior fibers)
- Assist in the extension of hip (posterior fibers)
Innervation
- Obturator nerve and Tibial Nerve

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21
Q

What Innervates the Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh?

A
  • Sciatic Nerve
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22
Q

What muscles make up the Hamstring Group? (3)

A
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
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23
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion point of the Biceps Femoris?

A 
Origin
- Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity
- Short Head: Shaft of Femur
Insertion
- Head of Fibula
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24
Q

What is the Function of the Biceps Femoris? What innervates it?

A 
Function
- Prime Flexor of knee
- helps extension of the hip
- Lateral Rotation of the knee
Innervation
- Sciatic Nerve
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25
Q

What are the three divisions of muscles in the Leg?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Lateral
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26
Q

What innervates most of the anterior muscles of the leg?

A
  • Deep Fibular branch of the Common Fibular Nerve (from sciatic)
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27
Q

What are the 2 Anterior muscles of the leg?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior

- Extensor Digitorum Longus

28
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion Point of the Tibialis Anterior?

A

Origin
- Lateral Condyle and Shaft of Tibia
Insertion
- Medial Cuneiform

29
Q

What is the Function of the Tibialis Anterior? What Innervates it?

A 
Function 
- Prime Mover for Inversion of Foot 
- Helps Dorsiflexion of Ankle
Innervation
- Deep Fibular
30
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion Point of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

Origin
- Shaft of Tibia
Insertion
- Distal and Middle Phalanges of Digits 2-5

31
Q

What is the Prime Mover of Dorsi Flexion of the Ankle?

A
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
32
Q

What is the Function of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle? What Innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime Mover of Dorsi Flexion of Ankle
Innervation
- Deep Fibular Nerve

33
Q

What is the Prime Mover of Inversion of the Foot?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
34
Q

What is the Prime Flexor of the Knee?

A
  • Biceps Femoris
35
Q

What is the Prime Adductor of the hip?

A
  • Anterior Fibers of the Adductor Magnus Muscle
36
Q

What is the Prime Extensor of the Knee?

A
  • Quadriceps Femoris
37
Q

What is the Prime Flexor of the Hip?

A
  • Iliopsoas Muscles
38
Q

What is the Prime Abductor of the Hip?

A
  • Gluteus Medius
39
Q

What is the Prime Extensor of the Hip?

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
40
Q

What are the two layers of the posterior compartment of the leg? what innervates those muscles?

A 
Layers
- Superficial
- Deep
Innervation
- Tibial Nerve (sciatic)
41
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?

A

Origin
- Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of Femur
Insertion
- Posterior Surface of Calcaneus through the Achilles (calcaneal) Tendon

42
Q

What is the Function of the Gastrocnemius Muscle? What innervates it?

A 
Function
- Plantar Flexion of the ankle
- Some Flexion of the knee
Innervation
- Tibial Nerve (sciatic nerve)
43
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Soleus Muscle?

A

Origin
- Tibia and Fibula
Insertion
- Forms part of the Calcaneal Tendon: Calcaneus

44
Q

What is the Function of the Soleus Muscle? What innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime Plantar Flexor of Ankle
Innervation
- Tibial Nerve

45
Q

What is the Prime Plantar Flexor of the Ankle?

A
  • Soleus
46
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Tibialis Posterior Muscle?

A

Origin
- Shaft of Tibia and Fibula and Interosseous membrane
Insertion
- Passes behind the medial malleolus and attaches to all tarsal bones except the talus

47
Q

What is the Function of the Tibialis Posterior? What innervates it?

A 
Function
- Plantar Flexion of Ankle
- Maintains the medial longitudinal Arch of Foot
Innervation
- Tibial Nerve
48
Q

What Innervates the Muscles of the Lateral Compartment of the Leg?

A
  • Superficial Fibular Nerve
49
Q

What is the prime evertor (eversion) of the foot?

A
  • Fibularis (peroneus) Longus
50
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Peroneus Longus?

A

Origin
- Shaft of the Fibula
Insertion
- Passes behind lateral malleolus, crosses medially in plantar aspect of foot, and attaches to medial cuneiform and first metatarsal

51
Q

What is the Function of the Fibularis Longus? What Innervates it?

A

Function
- Prime Evertor (eversion) of the foot
Innervation
- Superficial Fibular Nerve

52
Q

How many layers of muscles are in the foot?

A
  • 4
53
Q

What are all Plantar Muscles of the Foot Innervated by?

A
  • Tibial Nerve
54
Q

What is the Function of the 1st layer of Foot Muscles?

A
  • Abduction of the 1st and 5th toes

- Flexion of the 2nd-4th toes

55
Q

What is the Function of the 2nd layer of muscles in the foot?

A

– Flexion of toes 2-5

56
Q

What is the Function of the 3rd layer of muscles in the foot?

A
  • Flexion of the 1st and 5th toes

- Adduction of the Big Toe (1st)

57
Q

What do the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd layers of foot muscles collectively do?

A
  • maintain the foot arch
58
Q

What is the function of the 4th Layer of Foot Muscles?

A
  • Plantar Interossei: Adduction of toes 3-5

- Dorsal Interossei: Abduction of toes 2-4

59
Q

What are Transitional Areas?

A
  • Places where Nerves and Blood Vessels transfer from one region to the next region
60
Q

What are the Transitional Areas of the Lower Limb?

A
  • Femoral Triangle
  • Popliteal Fossa
  • Tarsal Tunnel
61
Q

Where is the Femoral Triangle Located? What passes through there?

A

Location
- Between Hip and Femur
Goes Through
- Structures traveling from pelvis to lower limb

62
Q

Where is the Popliteal Fossa?

A
  • Between the Thigh and Leg
63
Q

Where is the Tarsal Tunnel?

A
  • Behind the Medial Malleolus, from leg to foot
64
Q

What are the three Transitional Areas of the Upper Limb?

A
  • Axilla
  • Cubital Fossa
  • Carpal Tunnel
65
Q

Where is the Axilla located?

A
  • Between the root of the neck and shoulder area
66
Q

Where is the Cubital Fossa?

A
  • Between the arm and forearm
67
Q

Where is the Carpal Tunnel Located?

A
  • Between the Forearm and the Hand

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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