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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Joints - Limbs > Flashcards

Joints - Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

How many Joints does the shoulder have? Name them and What is the Main one?

A 
# Joints
- 4
Names
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Scapulothoracic 
- Glenohumeral
Main Joint
- Glenohumeral Joint
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2
Q

What Kind of Joint is the Glenohumeral Joint? Where is it found?

A 
Kind
- Ball and Socket Synovial Joint
- Multiaxial
- Diarthrosis 
- Freely moveable 
Found 
- Shoulder Joint between the Glenoid cavity of the Scapula and the Head of the Humerus
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3
Q

What are some interesting facts about the Glenohumeral Joint?

A
  • Most mobile Joint in humans
  • Most unstable joint in humans
  • Long head of biceps brachii supports Joint
  • Head of the humerus is 3x the size of the glenoid cavity
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4
Q

What Structures Help support the Glenohumeral Joint?

A
  • Long Head of Biceps Brachii
  • Glenoid Labrum
  • Ligaments
  • Bursa
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5
Q

What is the Glenoid Labrum and what does it do?

A 
Glenoid Labrum
- Fibrocartilaginous ring around the circumference of glenoid cavity
Function
- Stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
- Increases depth of the glenoid cavity
- increases conguency
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6
Q

What covers the Joint surfaces of the Glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Hyaline Cartilage (articular cartilages)
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7
Q

What ligaments are associated with the Glenohumeral Joint? Describe them

A
  • Coraco-humeral: Between coracoid process of scapula and humerus (extracapsular or extrinsic ligament)
  • Acromioclavicular:
  • Glenohumeral: Intracapsular or Intrinsic Ligament
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8
Q

What ligaments are associated with the Glenohumeral Joint? Describe them

A
  • Coracohumeral: Between the coracoid process of scapula and humerus (extracapsular or extrinsic ligament)
  • Acromioclavicular: Connects the Scapula to the Clavicle
  • Glenohumeral: Intracapsular or Intrinsic Ligament
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9
Q

What Kind of Joint is the Sternoclavicular Joint? What does it do? What ligament stabilizes it?

A

Type
- Synovial Saddle Joint
Function
- Only the Joint that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton
- Connects the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum
Ligament
- Costoclavicular

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10
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint? What does it do? what ligament stabilizes it?

A

Type
- Planar Synovial Joint
Function
- Connects acromion of the scapula to the clavicle
Ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
- Super and Inferior Acromioclavicular Ligaments

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11
Q

What is the Scapulothoracic Joint?

A

Type

  • Not true joint
  • Articulation of the scapula gliding over the posterior thoracic cage
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12
Q

What is the subacromial bursa?

A

Subacromial Bursa

  • a small sac made of synovial membrane and fluid
  • located under the acromion process
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13
Q

How many Joints are in the Elbow Joint Complex? What are their names and contribution to movement? Why is it a Complex?

A

of Joints
- 3
Names
- Humero-radial Joint: Flexion and Extension / Rotational
- Humero-ulnar Joint: Flexion and Extension
- Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint: Rotational Movements
Reason for Complex
- All three components are invested by the same fibrous capsule

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14
Q

Where is the Humero-ulnar Joint located? What Kind of Joint is it?

A 
Location
- In the Elbow Joint Complex
- Formed between the Trochlea of the Humerus and the trochlear notch of the Ulna
Type
- Synovial Hinge Joint
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15
Q

What Kind of Joint is the Humero-radial Joint? Where is it located?

A 
Type
- Synovial Condyloid 
Location
- Elbow Joint Complex
- Formed between capitulum of Humerus and the superior surface of the head of the radius
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16
Q

What kind of Joint is the Proximal Radio-Ulnar? Where is it located?

A 
Type
- Synovial Pivot Joint 
Location
- Elbow Joint Complex
- Formed between the circumference of the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
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17
Q

What two joints are considered the elbow joint? what is the other joint in the Elbow complex?

A 
Elbow Joint
- Humero-Radial Joint
- Humero-Ulnar Joint
Other Joint 
- Proximal Radi-Ulnar Joint
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18
Q

What are the main supporting ligaments of the Elbow Joint Complex?

A
  • Ulnar Collateral Ligament: protects against abduction
  • Radial Collateral Ligament: protects against adduction
  • Annular Ligament: wraps around the head of the radius
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19
Q

What Bursa is located in the Elbow Complex?

A
  • Olecranon Bursa: Olecranon Bursitis Refers to Student Bursitis (leaning on elbow)
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20
Q

What Joints are in the Wrist?

A
  • Radiocarpal Joints
  • Midcarpal Joint
  • Intercarpal Joint
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21
Q

What are the Three Parts of the Radioulnar Joint? What are their involvement in movement?

A 
Parts
- Proximal (superior) radioulnar Joint
- Middle Radioulnar Joint
- Distal (inferior) radioulnar Joint
Movement
- Supination and Pronation of the forearm
22
Q

What kind of Joint is the Proximal (superior) radioulnar joint? where is it and what ligament supports it?

A

Type
- A synovial pivot Joint
Location
- Circumference of the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.
Ligament
- Annular Ligament: hold the head of the radius against the radial notch of the ulna

23
Q

What kind of Joint is the Middle Radioulnar Joint? Where is it?

A

Type
- Fibrous Syndesmosis Joint
Location
- Interosseous membrane connects the interosseous borders of the ulna and radius

24
Q

What Type of Joint is the Distal (inferior) Radioulnar Joint? Where is it located?

A

Type
- Synovial Pivot Joint
Location
- The head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
- Shares capsule with the wrist joint, though the joint cavity is separated from the wrist joint cavity by an articular disc

25
What kind of joint is the Radiocarpal Joint? Where is it located?
Type - Synovial Ellipsoid (condyloid) Location - Distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)
26
What Ligaments support the Radiocarpal Joint?
- Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament - Lateral (radial) collateral ligament - Palmar and Dorsal Ulno-carpal ligaments - Palmar and Dorsal Radio-carpal ligaments
27
What Type of Joint are the Midcarpal Joints? Where are they located?
Type - Synovial Planar Type Location - Between proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones
28
What type of joint are the Intercarpal Joints? Where are they located?
Type - Synovial Planar Location - Between the individual bones (laterally-medially) in each row
29
What type of joint are the Carpometacarpal Joints? Where are they located? What is the atypical one and why?
Types - Synovial planar (except the first carpometacarpal joint) - Synovial Saddle (only the first carpometacarpal joint) Location - between the distal carpal bones and the proximal end of the metacarpal bones. Atypical - The First Carpometacarpal Joint: is a Synovial Saddle joint between the Trapezium and the First metacarpal bone
30
What type of joint are the Metacarpophalangeal Joints? Where are they located?
Type - Synovial Condyloid Joints Location - Between the distal end of the metacarpal bones and the proximal end of the proximal phalanges
31
What type of joint are the Interphalangeal Joints? Where are they located? What are the two kinds of Interphalangeal Joints?
``` Type - Synovial Hinge Joints Location - Between the phalanges Kinds - Proximal Interphalangeal Joints - Distal Interphalangeal Joints *Thumb only has one Interphalangeal Joint* ```
32
What type of joint is the Hip Joint? What bones are involved?
``` Type - Synovial Ball and Socket Joint Bones Involved - Hip Bone (Ischium, Ilium, & Pubic Bone) - Femur ```
33
What are the intrinsic Ligaments that support the Hip Joint? What are the Extrinsic Ligaments?
``` Intrinsic - Iliofemoral Ligament - Pubofemoral Ligament - Ischiofemoral Extrinsic - Round / Teres ligament - Transverse Acetabular Ligament ```
34
What is Unique about the Round Ligament?
- It is Extrinsic but within the Joint Cavity - Connects femoral head to the center of the acetabulum - Contains an artery supplying the femoral head - If torn, can lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head
35
What helps with the congruency of the hip joint?
- Acetabular Labrum: A fibrocartilage ring that surrounds the articular surface of the acetabulum - Provides stability by increasing depth of the acetabulum
36
What type of joint is the Tibiofemoral Joint? How does this help with stability?
Type - Bi-condylar or Modified Hinge Joint Stability - Meniscus provide shock absorbers as the knee can experience pressure from 3-5x the weight of the body when going up and down stairs
37
What complementary structures contribute to the Knee Joint?
- Medial and Lateral Meniscus - Ligaments - Bursa - Tendon (Patellofemoral Joint)
38
Describe the Medial and Lateral Meniscus in the Tibiofemoral Joint? What happens when they get damaged?
``` Meniscus - Incomplete fibro-cartilage rings - Shock absorbers of the knee - Increase depth and congruency Damaged - Heal poorly - need surgical resection - can lead to arthritis (osteo) ```
39
What Ligaments support the Knee Joint Complex? (5)
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) - Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) - Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament - Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament - Patellar Ligament
40
Name, location, and function of ACL and PCL
Name - ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament - PCL: Posterior Cruciate Ligament Location - Tibiofemoral Joint - Intraarticular: criss-cross from post-ant and ant-post Function - Provides anteroposterior stability for knee joint - Damage can affect the function of high-performance activities
41
What two joints make up the Knee Joint Complex?
- Medial and Lateral Tibiofemoral Joint | - Patellofemoral Joint
42
What are the 3 Tibiofibular Joints?
- Proximal (superior) tibiofibular joint - Middle tibiofi bular joint - Distal (inferior) tibiofi bular joint
43
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint? where is it located?
Type - Synovial Pivot Location - Head of the fibular and lateral condyle of the tibia
44
What type of joint is the Middle Tibiofi Bular Joint? where is it located?
Type - fibrous syndesmosis Location - an interosseous membrane connects the interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula
45
What type of joint is the Distal Tibiofi Bular Joint? where is it located?
Type - Fibrous Syndesmosis Location - between the fibular notch of the tibia and the distal end of the fibula
46
What type of joint is the Talocrural (ankle) Joint? What bones are involved?
``` Type - Synovial Hinge Joint Bones - Distal End of Tibia - Distal End of Fibula - Body of Talus ```
47
What Ligaments support the Talocrural (ankle) Joint?
- Deltoid (medial) ligament | - Lateral ligament
48
What type of joints are the Intertarsal Joints? What are the three kinds and the bones they occur in?
Type - Synovial Planar Kinds - Subtalar Joint (between talus and calcaneus) - Transverse tarsal joint (between talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid) - Cuneonavicular Joint (between navicular and the three cuneiform bones)
49
What type of joint are the Tarsometatarsal Joints? What bones are apart of them?
``` Type - synovial planar joints Bones - Distal group of tarsal bones - Proximal end of metatarsal bones ```
50
What type of joint are the Metatarsophalangeal Joints? what bones are a part of them?
``` Type - Synovial condyloid joints Bones - Distal end of the metatarsal bones - Proximal end of the proximal phalanges ```
51
What type of joints are the Interphalangeal Joints? What are the two kinds? what bones are involved?
``` Type - Synovial Hinge Joint Kinds - Proximal Interphalangeal - Distal Interphalangeal Bones - The phalanges of the toes - Big toe only has one Interphalangeal joint ```

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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