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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Joints - Introduction > Flashcards

Joints - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Two Types of Classifications for Joints?

A
  • Functional

- Anatomical

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2
Q

What are the Three Types of Functional Classification for Joints? Describe Them

A
  • Synarthrosis: Very little to no movement
  • Amphiarthrosis: Semi-movable
  • Diarthrosis: Freely movable
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3
Q

What are the Two Types of Anatomical Classification for Joints? What basic characteristics to they have?

A
  • Solid Joints: Held together by connective tissue. Fibrous/Cartilaginous
  • Synovial Joints: Presence of cavity between bones. Held together by fibrous capsule, all are diarthrosis type.
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4
Q

What are the Two Classifications for Solid Joints? What is the difference?

A
  • Fibrous Joints: Bones are held together by dense connective tissue.
  • Cartilaginous Joints: Bones are held together by cartilage with limited movement.
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5
Q

What are the Three Types of Fibrous Joints? Describe them and give an example

A
  • Sutures: Between the bones of the skull (ex. Lambdoid Suture)
  • Syndesmosis: Bones are connected by membrane or ligament (ex. middle radio-ulnar joint)
  • Gomphoses: Formed between the roots of the teeth and the bony socket in the maxilla and the mandible through the periodontal ligament. (ex. teeth)
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6
Q

What are the Two Types of Cartilaginous Joints? Describe them and provide an example

A
  • Synchondroses: Bones are linked together by hyaline cartilage. (ex. Sternocostal Joint: first rib and sternum)
  • Symphyses: Bones are connected via fibrocartilage disc (ex. Pubic Symphysis)
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7
Q

What are the Main Features of a Synovial Joint? (5)

A
  • Joint Capsule
  • Joint (articular) Cavity
  • Synovial Membrane
  • Synovial Fluid
  • Articular Cartilage
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8
Q

What is a Joint Capsule?

A
  • Main Feature of a Synovial Joint

- A fibrous sleeve-like structure that completely invests the joint and is supported by ligaments

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9
Q

What is a Joint (articular) Cavity?

A
  • Main Feature of a Synovial Joint

- A space enclosed by the fibrous capsule

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10
Q

What is a Synovial Membrane?

A
  • Main Feature of a Synovial Joint
  • Lines the internal joint surface outside the immediate articular surface of the bone.
  • The space enclosed by the synovial membrane is called the synovial cavity
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11
Q

What is Synovial Fluid?

A
  • Main Feature of a Synovial Joint
  • A watery fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and contained within the synovial cavity.
  • Nourishes and lubricates the articular cartilage
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12
Q

What is an Articular Cartilage?

A
  • Main Feature of a Synovial Joint

- A thin layer of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage that covers the articular surface of bones.

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13
Q

What are the Associated Structures of a Synovial Joint? (5) and what do they do?

A 
Associated Structures
- Ligaments
- Bursae
- Menisci
- Labrums
- Intra-articular Discs
Functions
- Support the joint and facilitate the movement of soft tissue surrounding the joint
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14
Q

What are Ligaments? What are the 2 types of ligaments and how do they differ?

A

Ligaments
- Thick bands of dense connective tissue that join the bones together
Types
- Intrinsic Ligaments: Thickened part of the fibrous capsule
- Extrinsic Ligaments: not part of the fibrous capsule. Can be inside (intracapsular) or outside (extracapsular) of the joint cavity

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15
Q

What is a Bursae? and where might it be found?

A

Bursae
- An Associated Structure of a Synovial Joint
- Small sacs of connective tissue separate the structures around the joints.
- Lined by the synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid
Found
- Between muscles and the joint capsule
- Knee or Elbow

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16
Q

What are Menisci? Where can they be found?

A

Menisci
- Associated structure of a synovial joint
- Incomplete fibrocartilage rings attached to the articular surface of Tibia to increase joint congruency
Found
- In the Knee Joint, on the Proximal end of the Tibia

17
Q

What are Labrums? Where can they be found?

A

Labrums
- Associated structure of a synovial joint
- Fibrocartilage rings attached to the circumference of ball-socket joint cavities
- Increases depth of cavity and increases congruency
Found
- Glenoid Cavity (Shoulder Joint)
- Acetabulum (Hip Joint)

18
Q

What are Intra-articular Discs? Where can they be found?

A

Intra-articular discs
- Cushions of fibrocartilage are found within joints to absorb shock and increase congruency
Found
- Found in the Temporomandibular Joint (Jaw)

19
Q

What are the Four Classifications of Synovial Joints?

A
  • Non-axial Joints
  • Uniaxial (monoaxial) Joint
  • Biaxial Joints
  • Multiaxial Joint
20
Q

Describe a Non-axial Joint? What kind of joints fit this category?

A 
Non-Axial Joint
- Synovial joint that does not move in a direct plane
- Sliding or gliding movement only
Joints
- Planar (Gliding) Joints
21
Q

Describe a Planar (Gliding) Joint. What is an example?

A

Panar (Gliding) Joint
- Non-Axial Synovial Joint
- Flat articular Surface
- Performs a gliding movement
Example
- Intercarpal Joints (joints between carpals)
- Intertarsal Joints (joints between tarsals)

22
Q

What is a Uniaxial (monoaxial) Joint? What kind of joint fits this category?

A 
Uniaxial (monoaxial) Joint
- Synovial Joint
- Moves in one anatomical plane
Joints
- Hinge Joint
- Pivot Joint
23
Q

Describe a Hinge Joint and provide an example of one

A

Hinge Joint
- A Uniaxial Synovial Joint
- A convex articular surface meets a concave articular surface
- Designed for flexion/extension movements
Examples
- Elbow Joint (Ulna and Humerus)

24
Q

Describe a Pivot Joint and provide an example

A 
Pivot Joint
- A Uniaxial Synovial Joint
- A round articular surface fits a relatively shallow concave articular surface
- For rotational movements
Example
- Proximal Radioulnar Joint
25
Q

What is a Biaxial Joint? What Joints fit in this category?

A 
Biaxial Joint
- Synovial Joint
- Movement in two anatomical planes
Joints
- Ellipsoid (Condyloid)
- Saddle Joint
26
Q

What is a Ellipsoid (Condyloid) Joint? What is an example?

A

Ellipsoid (Condyloid) Joint
- Biaxial Synovial Joint
- Oval convex articular surface of one bone meets the oval concave articular surface of another bone
- Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
Example
- Metacarpophalangeal Joint

27
Q

What is a Saddle Joint? What is an example?

A

Saddle Joint
- A Biaxial Synovial Joint
- An articular surface of both bones resembles a saddle
- Movement: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
Example
- The First Carpometacarpal Joint
- Sternoclavicular Joint

28
Q

What is a Multiaxial Joint? What kind of Joint fits this category?

A 
Multiaxial Joint
- Synovial Joint
- Moves in all Anatomical Planes
- Most movement of any joint
Joint
- Ball and Socket Joint
29
Q

What is a Ball and Socket Joint? What is an example of this type of joint?

A

Ball and Socket Joint
- A Multiaxial Synovial Joint
- A spherical articular surface fits into the cup-shaped articular surface of the other bone.
- Has a Labrum on the circumference of the cup-shaped articular surface to increase depth and congruency
- Movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction
Example
- Shoulder Joint
- Hip Joint

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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