Cardiovascular System - The Heart Flashcards
What are the Three Boundaries of the Mediastinum?
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Posterior
What is the Mediastinum?
- A division of the Thoracic Cavity
What is on the Anterior Boundary of the Mediastinum?
- Sternum
- Costal Cartliges
What is on the Lateral Boundary of the Mediastinum?
- The Lungs
What is on the Posterior Boundary of the Mediastinum?
- the Bodies of the Thoracic Vertebrae
What are the two divisions of the Mediastinum? What are they separated by?
Divisions - Superior - Inferior Separation - Imaginary line that goes through the sternal angle (anteriorly) and TIV-TV intervertebral disk (posteriorly)
What does the Superior Division of the Mediastinum contain? (7)
- Arteries
- Veins
- Nerves
- Thoracic Duct
- Esophagus
- Trachea
- Thymus Gland
What Arteries are in the superior division of the mediastinum? (1)
- The Arch of the Aorta and Branches
What Veins are in the Posterior Division of the Mediastinum? (3)
- Right and Left Brachiocephalic Veins
- The Inferior Part of SVC
- Proximal Part of the Azygos Vein
What Nerves are in the Posterior Division of the Mediastinum? (2)
- Phrenic Nerves
- Vagus Nerves
What are the three subdivisions of the Inferior Division of the Mediastinum?
- Anterior Mediastinum
- Middle Mediastinum
- Posterior Mediastinum
What is in the Anterior subdivision of the Inferior division of the Mediastinum? (1)
- Thymus Gland
What is in the middle subdivision of the Inferior Division of the Mediastinum? (6)
- Heart and its pericardium
- Ascending Aorta
- Pulmonary Trunk
- Pulmonary Veins
- Phrenic Nerves (L and R)
- Main Bronchi
What is in the Posterior subdivision of the Inferior Division of the Mediastinum? (8)
- Descending Aorta
- Azygos Vein
- Hemiazygos Veins
- Right and Left Vagus Nerves
- Sympathetic Chains
- Splanchnic Nerves
- Thoracic Duct
- Esophagus
What is the Heart Quadrangle?
- The 4 corners of the heart
Where is the Upper left corner of the heart?
- left 2nd intercostal space
Where is the upper right corner of the heart?
- right 3rd costal cartilage
Where is the lower right corner of the heart?
- Right 6th costal cartilage
Where is the lower left corner of the heart?
- Left 5th intercostal space
What are the two layers of the pericardial sac?
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Serous Pericardium
What is the Fibrous Pericardium? Where does it attach?
- Thick outer layer of the pericardial sac
- Attaches to the central tendon of the diaphragm
What are the two layers of the Serous Pericardium? Where are they located?
- The Parietal Layer: Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
- The Visceral Layer: Attaches to the surface of the heart
What is the Pericardial Cavity?
- The narrow space between the visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium
What Sulci are on the heart?
- Coronary Sulcus
- Anterior and Posterior Interventricular Sulci
What does the Coronary Sulcus do?
- Separates the atria from the ventricles
Where are the Anterior and Posterior Interventricular Sulci Located?
- Between the ventricles
What are the 4 surfaces of the Heart?
- Anterior Surface
- Inferior Surface
- Left Pulmonary Surface
- Right Pulmonary Surface
What is the anterior surface of the heart related to? what is part of it? what is another name for it?
Related - 2nd-6th costal cartilages Parts - Right Ventricle - Parts of the right atrium and left ventricles Name - Sternocostal Surface
What is part of the Inferior Surface? What is another name for it?
Part - Posterior Interventricular Sulcus - Left Ventricle - Small Part of Right Ventricle Name - Diaphragmatic Surface
What is the Left Pulmonary Surface related to? What is part of it?
Related - Left Lung Part - Left Ventricle - Portion of the Left Atrium
What is the Right Pulmonary Surface related to? What is part of it?
Related
- Right Lung
Part
- Right Atrium
How many Borders does the Heart have? What are they?
Borders - 4 Names - Superior - Right - Left - Inferior
What is part of the Superior Border of the heart?
- Right and Left Atria
- Auricles
What is part of the right border of the heart?
- Right Atrium
What is part of the left border of the heart?
- Left Ventricle
- Parts of the left auricle
What is part of the Inferior Border of the heart?
- Right Ventricle
- Small portion of the left ventricle
Where does the heart base face? what is part of it?
Direction - Posteriorly Part - Left Atrium - Small Portion of the Right Atrium
What direction does the Heart Apex face? What is part of it?
Direction
- Inferiorly and to the left
Part
- Left Ventricle
How many chambers are in the heart? What are their names?
Chambers - 4 Names - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Left Atrium - Left Ventricles
Where does the Right Atrium receive blood from? Where does it send it?
Receive - Superior Vena Cava - Inferior Vena Cava - Coronary Sinus Sends - To the Right Ventricle through the tricuspid Valve
What kind of blood do the Right Atrium and Ventricle receive?
- Deoxygenated Venous Blood
Where does the Right Ventricle send blood? Via what?
Sends To
- The Lungs
Via
- The Pulmonary Trunk and Pulmonary Arteries
Where does the Left Atrium Receive Blood from? Where does it send it?
Receives - Oxygenated Blood From - Lungs via the pulmonary Vein To - Left Ventricle through the Bicuspid Valve
Where does the Left Ventricle receive blood from? Where does it send it to?
Receives from
- Left Atrium
Sends to
- The rest of the circulatory system
What are the Pectinate Muscles?
- They line the anterior part of the right atrium
What is the Right Auricle?
- The anterior extension of the pectinate muscles into an ear-like appendage
What is the Left Auricle?
- The Pectinate Muscle of the left atrium
What is the Fossa Ovalis?
- An Embryological remnant of the foramen ovalis that connected the right and left atria prior to birth
What is the Right Atrioventricular (tricuspid valve)?
- The valve that separates the Right atrium and ventircle
What is the Left Atrioventricular (Bicuspid/Mitral) Valve?
- The Valve Between the Left Atrium and Ventricle
What is the Trabeculae Carneae?
- Muscular Ridges that line the ventricles
What are the Papillary Muscles?
- Finger-like projections that arise from the walls of the ventricles and insert onto the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves via tendon-like structures known as Chorda Tendinae
What is the Pulmonary Valve?
- The Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
What is the Interventricular Septum?
- Separates the left and right ventricles
What is the Aortic Valve?
- The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
What are the 5 Arteries that supply the heart?
- Right Coronary Artery
- Posterior Interventricular Artery
- Left Coronary Artery
- Anterior Interventricular Artery
- Circumflex Artery
What is the path of the Right Coronary Artery? What does it supply?
Path - From Right Side of the ascending aorta to the right side of right coronary sulcus Supplies - The Right atrium - The Right ventricle
What is the Posterior Interventricular Artery? what does it supply?
PIA
- Terminal Branch of the Right Coronary Artery
Supplies
- Posterior Aspects of Both ventricles
Where does the Left Coronary Artery arise from? what does it give rise to?
Arise - Left Ascending Aorta Gives Rise to - Right Interventricular Artery - Circumflex Artery
What is the path of the Anterior Interventricular Artery? What did it supply?
Path
- Runs in the anterior Interventricular Sulcus
Supplies
- The anterior aspect of both ventricles
What is the path of the Circumflex Artery? What does it supply?
Path
- Follows the coronary sulcus
Supplies
- The left ventricle and atrium
What Veins Drain Blood From the Heart?
- The Great Cardiac Vein
- The Middle Cardiac Vein
- The Small Cardiac Vein
Where do the three Cardiac Veins drain? Where does it go after that?
Drain
- Coronary Sulcus
After
- The Right Atrium
Where is the Great Cardiac Vein Located?
- The Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
Where is the Middle Cardiac Vein located?
- Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
Where is the Small Cardiac Vein Located?
- Right Side of the Coronary Sulcus
Where is the Coronary Sulcus located?
- Inferior Surface of the Heart
