Cardiovascular System - The Arteries Flashcards
1
Q
Where does the Aorta arise from?
A
- Left Ventricle
- Middle Mediastinum (as ascending aorta)
2
Q
What are the different names for the Aorta? why are they named that?
A
- Ascending Aorta: it ascends from the heart
- Arch of the Aorta: it curves laterally to the left
- The Descending Thoracic Aorta: It descends through the thoracic cavity
3
Q
What are the main branches of the Arch of the Aorta?
A
- Brachiocephalic
- Left Common Carotid
- Left Subclavian
4
Q
What are the two divisions of the Brachiocephalic Artery?
A
- The Right Subclavian
- The Right common Carotid
5
Q
What is the path of the Right Subclavian Artery?
A
- Passes under the clavicle towards the right upper limb
- Continues as the Axillary Artery after passing over first rib
6
Q
What does the Right Common Carotid Artery supply?
A
- The Neck and Head Regions
7
Q
What does the Left Common Carotid Artery Supply?
A
- The Head and Neck
8
Q
What is the path of the Left Subclavian Artery?
A
- Passes under the clavicle towards the left upper limb
- Continues as the Axillary Artery after passing over the first rib
9
Q
What are the Branches of the Subclavian Artery? (3)
A
- The Vertebral Artery
- The Internal Thoracic Artery
- The Thyrocervical Trunk
10
Q
How does the Vertebral Artery enter the skull? What does it supply?
A
Enters - Via the Foramen Magnum Supplies - Spinal Cord - Medulla - Cerebellum
11
Q
What is the path of the Internal Thoracic Artery? What does it give rise to?
A
Path
- Descends on either side of the sternum
Gives rise to
- At the level of each intercostal space, it gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries, which join with the posterior intercostal arteries (branches of the thoracic aorta)
12
Q
What does the Thyrocervical Trunk Supply blood to?
A
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Thyroid Gland
- Muscles
13
Q
What is the Descending Aorta called above the Diaphragm?
A
- The Descending Thoracic Aorta
14
Q
What does the Descending Thoracic Aorta Supply?
A
- The Thoracic Viscera (esophagus, pericardium, lungs, NOT the HEART)
15
Q
What are the main branches of the thoracic aorta?
A
- Posterior Intercostal Arteries
16
Q
Where do the posterior intercostal arteries travel?
A
- Within the inter-costal spaces
- Join the anterior intercoastal arteries
17
Q
What is the Descending Aorta Called after the Diaphragm?
A
- The Abdominal Aorta
18
Q
Where and What does the Abdominal Aorta Bifurcate into?
A
Where
- LIV Vertebrae
What
- The Common Iliac Arteries
19
Q
What are the major Branches of the Abdominal Aorta?
A
- Celiac Artery
- Superior Mesenteric
- Inferior Mesenteric
- Renal
- Gonadal
20
Q
What are the three branches of the Celiac Artery?
A
- Left Gastric
- Common Hepatic
- Splenic
21
Q
What dos the Left Gastric branch of the Celiac Artery Supply?
A
- The lesser curvature of the stomach
22
Q
What are the two divisions of the Common Hepatic Artery?
A
- Proper Hepatic
- Gastroduodenal
23
Q
What does the Proper Hepatic Division of the Common Hepatic Branch of the Celiac Artery Supply?
A
- The liver
24
Q
What does the Gastroduodenal division of the Common Hepatic Branch of the Celiac Artery Supply?
A
- Right Gastromental: the greater curvature of the stomach
- Superior Pancreaticodudenal Artery: The Pancreas
25
What does the Splenic Branch of the Celiac Artery Supply?
- The Spleen and major left gastric
26
What are the branches of the Superior MEsenteric Artery? (4)
- Jejunal and Ileal
- Ileocolic
- Right Colon
- Middle Colic
27
What does the Jejunal and Ileal Branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery Supply?
- small intestine
28
What does the Ileocolic Branch of the Superior Mesenteric Artery Supply?
- Cecum and ileum terminalis
29
What does the right colon branch of the superior mesenteric artery supply?
- ascending colon
30
What does the Middle colic branch of the superior mesenteric artery supply?
- the right 2/3 part of the transverse colon
31
What are the 3 branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?
- Left Colic
- Sigmoid
- Superior Rectal
32
What does the left colic branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
- descending colon
33
What does the sigmoid branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
- Distal aspect of the colon
34
What does the superior rectal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
- Rectum
35
What does the Renal Artery Supply?
- The kidneys
36
What do the Gonadal Arteries supply?
- Testicles (Men)
| - Ovaries (Women)
37
What does the Abdominal Aorta end up as?
- The Common Iliac Arteries
38
What do each common iliac arteries bifurcate into?
- Internal and External Iliac Arteries
39
What is the path of the internal Iliac Artery? What does it supply?
Path
- Enters the pelvis
Supply
- Pelvic Organs
40
What is the path of the external iliac artery?
Path
- Runs outside of the pelvis and goes to the lower limb
- Passes under the inguinal ligament and turns into the femoral artery
41
What are the main branches of the Axillary Artery? (4)
- Thoracoacromial Artery
- Lateral Thoracic
- Anterior and Posterior Circumflex Humeral
- Subscapular Artery
42
What does the Lateral Thoracic Artery Supply?
- Medial Wall of the axilla
43
What is the structure of the Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries?
- They wrap around the surgical neck of the humerus
| - They supply the shoulder joint and deltoid muscle
44
What does the Subscapular Artery Supply?
- Scapular region
45
What does the Thoracoacromial Artery Supply?
- Anterior Wall of the Axilla
46
When does the Axillary Artery Become the Brachial Artery?
- After it passes the axilla
47
What supplies the oxygenated blood to the triceps muscle?
- The deep brachial artery
48
Where does the Brachial Artery bifurcate? What does it turn into?
```
Where
- The Cubital Fossa
What
- The Radial Artery
- The Ulnar Artery
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49
What does the common interosseous branch of the ulnar artery supply?
- deep muscles of the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm
50
What are the two main arches in the hand, formed by the ulnar and radial arteries?
- Superficial
| - Deep palmar
51
Where do the palmar digital arteries come from? Where do they go? What do they supply?
```
Come from
- The superficial and deep palmar arches
Go
- Lateral and medial aspects of the digits
Supply
- The fingers
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52
What does the Abdominal Aorta split into?
- The left and right common iliac arteries
53
What do the left and right common iliac arteries split into?
- The internal iliac artery
| - The external iliac artery
54
What is the path of the external iliac artery?
- Passes deep to the inguinal ligament
| - Continues as the femoral artery
55
What is the Femoral Artery? What does it supply?
Femoral Artery
- The main artery of the lower limb
Supplies
- Muscles of the Thigh (except the posterior compartment)
56
What is the deep femoral artery? What does it supply? What is another name for it?
```
Deep Femoral Artery
- Branch of the Femoral artery
Supplies
- Posterior compartment of the thigh
Name
- Profunda Femoris
```
57
What is the Popliteal Artery? Where is it? What does it do?
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Popliteal Artery
- Extension of the Femoral Artery
Location
- IN the Popliteal Fossa
Supplies
- The knee joint
```
58
What artery supplies the dorsal of the foot?
- The Dorsalis Pedis
59
What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
- The anterior tibial artery
60
What turns into the Dorsalis Pedis?
- The Anterior Tibial division of the Popliteal artery
61
What is the Fibular Artery? What does it supply?
Fibular Artery
- Branch of the Posterior Tibial Artery
Supplies
- Posterior and lateral compartments of the leg
62
What artery supplies the plantar aspect of the foot?
- The medial plantar artery
| - The lateral plantar artery
63
What artery divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries?
- The posterior tibial artery
64
What supplies blood to the toes?
- The dorsal and plantar digital arterial arches, and their branches
65
What are the two branches of the Common Carotid Arteries?
- The internal carotid
| - The external carotid
66
Where does the Internal Carotid have branches? What are the main ones?
```
Location
- Within the skull
Name
- Ophthalmic Artery
- Middle Cerebral Artery
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
```
67
What does the Internal Carotid Artery Supply Blood to?
- The CNS
68
Where does the External Carotid supply blood to?
- The Face and Skin of the Skull
69
What are the main branches of the External Carotid Artery? What do they supply? (3)
- Facial Artery: superficial parts of the facial structure
- Maxillary: Deep structures such as nasal cavity or orbital cavity
- Superficial Temporal: The scalp
70
Where do the vertebral arteries come from?
- The sublcavian Artery
71
Where do the Vertebral Arteries join? What do they form?
Location
- In front of the brainstem (pons)
Form
- The Basilar Artery
72
What does the Basilar Artery Supply?
- The Spinal Cord
- The Brianstem
- The Cerebellum
73
What are the Terminal Branches of the Basilar Artery? what do they supply?
- Posterior Cerebral Arteries: occipital lobes
74
Where does the middle cerebral artery come from? What does it connect to?
Origin
- Internal Carotid
Joins
- The Posterior Cerebral Arteries
75
What supplies blood to the temporal and parietal lobes?
- The joining of the Posterior and Middle cerebral Arteries
76
What are the Posterior Communicating Branches?
- They are used by the joining of the posterior and middle cerebral arteries and supply the blood to the temporal and parietal lobes
77
What does the Internal Carotid Artery give off? What doe they supply?
- Middle Cerebral Artery: (with the Posterior cerebral artery) supply the parietal and temporal lobes
- The Anterior Cerebral Arteries: Supply the frontal lobes
78
What are the two Anterior Cerebral Arteries connected by?
- The anterior communicating artery
79
What is the circle of Willis?
- The connection of the two Anterior Cerebral Arteries via the Anterior Communicating Artery
- Serves as a defence mechanism against obstruction of a single artery in the system
