Digestive System - Lower GI Tract Flashcards
Where is the Peritoneum located?
- a continuous layer that covers all the peripheral walls of the abdomen and visceral in the abdomen
What is the Peritoneum made of?
- A serous membrane of specialized connective tissue
What is the function of the Peritoneum?
- Secreting lubricating fluid (serous fluid) that facilitates the movement of bowels inside the abdomen.
What is the difference between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum?
- Parietal: covers the peripheral walls of the abdomen
- Visceral: covers the viscera in the abdomen
What is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum layers called?
- The Peritoneal Cavity: normally contains a few milli-liters of fluid
What are the Peritoneal Reflections?
- Continuation of the Parietal Peritoneum and the Visceral Peritoneum
What passes through the Peritoneal Reflections? What do they do?
Passes through - Blood and Lymphatic Vessels and Nerves Function - Supply the abdominal organs - Attach the abdominal organs to the abdominal wall
What are the 4 peritoneal reflections classified as?
- Peritoneal Ligament (omentum)
- The Mesenteries
- Meso
- The Omenta
What does the Peritoneal Ligament do?
- Connects abdominal viscera together or to abdominal walls such as falciform ligament that connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
Describe the Mesenteries?
- a Peritoneal Reflection that attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall and content vessels and nerve
What does the Meso classification of the Peritoneal Reflection do?
- Attaches the entire length of the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
What are the two types of Meso Peritoneal Reflection? What do they do?
- Transverse Mesocolon: Attaches the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall
- Sigmoid Mesocolon: Attaches the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall
What do the Omenta classification of the peritoneal reflections do?
- Reflections between the stomach and the other organs
What are the two parts of the Omenta classification of the Peritoneal Reflections?
- Lesser Omentum (gastrohepatic ligament)
- Greater Omentum
What does the Lesser Omentum do?
- Attaches between the liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach
What does the Greater Omentum do? What is interesting about it?
Function
- attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon and covers the entire anterior surface of the abdominal viscera to separate them from the anterior abdominal wall
Interesting
- Hangs freely like a curtain
- Attaches to any point of inflammation inside the peritoneal cavity (due to infection or cancer) to limit its spread
- Abdominal Policeman
In relation to Peritoneum and Organs, what are the two classifications?
- Intraperitoneal: an Organ Totally covered by peritoneum and movable
- Retroperitoneal: Behind the peritoneum and partially covered by peritoneum, fixed
What Organs are part of the Intraperitoneal classification?
- Liver
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Uterus
- Transverse Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
What Organs are part of the Retroperitoneal Classification?
- Kidneys
- Pancreas
- Duodenum
- Rectum
- Bladder
- Descending Colon
Describe the Structure of the Stomach?
- A muscular Sac or Organ
- 1 L
- Starts the digestion of food
How many distinct parts of the Stomach are there?
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Body
- Pyloric Canal
- Pylorus
- Lesser Curvature
- Greater Curvature
- Rugae
Where is the Cardia of the Stomach located?
- The junction of the esophagus to stomach at the (T11 level), includes the lower esophageal sphincter that prevents reflux of food to the esophagus (heartburn)
What is the Fundus of the Stomach?
- The Dome-shaped roof of the stomach, located above the imaginary horizontal line passing through the cardia
Where is the body of the stomach located?
- The main big part of the organ below the imaginary horizontal line passing through the cardia
