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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Digestive System - Lower GI Tract > Flashcards

Digestive System - Lower GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Peritoneum located?

A
  • a continuous layer that covers all the peripheral walls of the abdomen and visceral in the abdomen
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2
Q

What is the Peritoneum made of?

A
  • A serous membrane of specialized connective tissue
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3
Q

What is the function of the Peritoneum?

A
  • Secreting lubricating fluid (serous fluid) that facilitates the movement of bowels inside the abdomen.
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4
Q

What is the difference between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum?

A
  • Parietal: covers the peripheral walls of the abdomen

- Visceral: covers the viscera in the abdomen

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5
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum layers called?

A
  • The Peritoneal Cavity: normally contains a few milli-liters of fluid
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6
Q

What are the Peritoneal Reflections?

A
  • Continuation of the Parietal Peritoneum and the Visceral Peritoneum
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7
Q

What passes through the Peritoneal Reflections? What do they do?

A 
Passes through
- Blood and Lymphatic Vessels and Nerves
Function
- Supply the abdominal organs
- Attach the abdominal organs to the abdominal wall
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8
Q

What are the 4 peritoneal reflections classified as?

A
  • Peritoneal Ligament (omentum)
  • The Mesenteries
  • Meso
  • The Omenta
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9
Q

What does the Peritoneal Ligament do?

A
  • Connects abdominal viscera together or to abdominal walls such as falciform ligament that connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
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10
Q

Describe the Mesenteries?

A
  • a Peritoneal Reflection that attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall and content vessels and nerve
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11
Q

What does the Meso classification of the Peritoneal Reflection do?

A
  • Attaches the entire length of the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
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12
Q

What are the two types of Meso Peritoneal Reflection? What do they do?

A
  • Transverse Mesocolon: Attaches the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall
  • Sigmoid Mesocolon: Attaches the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall
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13
Q

What do the Omenta classification of the peritoneal reflections do?

A
  • Reflections between the stomach and the other organs
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14
Q

What are the two parts of the Omenta classification of the Peritoneal Reflections?

A
  • Lesser Omentum (gastrohepatic ligament)

- Greater Omentum

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15
Q

What does the Lesser Omentum do?

A
  • Attaches between the liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach
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16
Q

What does the Greater Omentum do? What is interesting about it?

A

Function
- attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon and covers the entire anterior surface of the abdominal viscera to separate them from the anterior abdominal wall
Interesting
- Hangs freely like a curtain
- Attaches to any point of inflammation inside the peritoneal cavity (due to infection or cancer) to limit its spread
- Abdominal Policeman

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17
Q

In relation to Peritoneum and Organs, what are the two classifications?

A
  • Intraperitoneal: an Organ Totally covered by peritoneum and movable
  • Retroperitoneal: Behind the peritoneum and partially covered by peritoneum, fixed
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18
Q

What Organs are part of the Intraperitoneal classification?

A
  • Liver
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Uterus
  • Transverse Colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
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19
Q

What Organs are part of the Retroperitoneal Classification?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Pancreas
  • Duodenum
  • Rectum
  • Bladder
  • Descending Colon
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20
Q

Describe the Structure of the Stomach?

A
  • A muscular Sac or Organ
  • 1 L
  • Starts the digestion of food
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21
Q

How many distinct parts of the Stomach are there?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pyloric Canal
  • Pylorus
  • Lesser Curvature
  • Greater Curvature
  • Rugae
22
Q

Where is the Cardia of the Stomach located?

A
  • The junction of the esophagus to stomach at the (T11 level), includes the lower esophageal sphincter that prevents reflux of food to the esophagus (heartburn)
23
Q

What is the Fundus of the Stomach?

A
  • The Dome-shaped roof of the stomach, located above the imaginary horizontal line passing through the cardia
24
Q

Where is the body of the stomach located?

A
  • The main big part of the organ below the imaginary horizontal line passing through the cardia
25
Q

What is the Pyloric Canal of the Stomach?

A
  • The distal canal shaped portion
26
Q

What is the Pylorus of the Stomach?

A
  • The Distal Sphincter of the stomach that controls of passage of stomach contents to next part of GI tract (duodenum)
27
Q

What is the Lesser Curvature of the Stomach?

A
  • The attachment site for lesser omentum
28
Q

What is the Greater Curvature of the Stomach?

A
  • The Attachment site for greater omentum
29
Q

What is the Rugae of the Stomach?

A
  • The longitudinal folds inside the stomach that disappear with stretching of the stomach
30
Q

What is a H. Pylori Infection?

A
  • Common infection of the stomach that predisposes the individual to gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and pre-malignant changes (gastric cancer)
31
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
32
Q

How long is the Duodenum?

A
  • 10 inches long (12 finger widths)
33
Q

What are the four parts of Duodenum?

A
  • D1 (superior part)
  • D2 (descending part)
  • D3 (horizontal/inferior part)
  • D4 (ascending part)
34
Q

Where does the bile form the liver and gallbladder and the pancreatic juices empty into?

A
  • The Descending part of the Duodenum: D2
35
Q

What neutralizes the stomach acid in the Duodenum??

A
  • The alkaline bile and pancreatic juices that empty into the D2
36
Q

Where do 70% of Peptic Ulcer Diseases happen? why?

A
  • The superior part of the duodenum: D1

- Before the bile and pancreatic juices enter the duodenum and neutralize the stomach acid

37
Q

What are the Jejunum and Ileum apart of?

A
  • The Small Intestine
38
Q

What is the length of the Jejunum and Ileum?

A
  • 5-7 meters (average 6m)
39
Q

How is the Jejunum and Ileum separated?

A
  • Jejunum: the first 2/5th

- Ileum: the distal 3/5th

40
Q

What area do the Jejunum and Ileum occupy?

A
  • Jejunum: The Umbilical Region in the abdomen

- Ileum: the Hypogastric Region

41
Q

What is another name for the Large Intestine?

A
  • The Colon
42
Q

What does the terminal part of the GI tract do?

A
  • Absorption of Water

- Storage of Fecal Matter

43
Q

What is the terminal part of the Large Intestine composed of?

A
  • Cecum
  • Ascending Colon
  • Right Colic (hepatic) flexure
  • Transverse Colon
  • Left Colic (splenic) Flexure
  • Descending Colon (retroperitoneum)
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Rectum
44
Q

Where is the Cecum located? What is its structure? What does it do?

A

Location and Structure
- Right Iliac Region: 5x5x5 space
Function
- Receives the food from ileum

45
Q

Where is the Ileocecal Valve located? what does it do?

A

Location
- In the Cecum
Function
- Prevents reflux of food into the small intestine

46
Q

Where is the Appendix located? What is it’s believed function?

A

Location
- Appendage attached to the cecum
- McBurney’s Point: 1/3 of the lateral way on the line connecting ASIS to the umbilicus
Function
- Believed to be a lymphatic organ (like a tonsil) and plays an immune role, especially before the age of 10

47
Q

What causes appendicitis?

A
  • An infection of the appendix caused by blockage of the lumen, which causes secretion to build up and pressure to increase.
48
Q

Where is the Ascending Colon located?

A
  • Right Iliac and Right Lumbar Regions (retroperitoneum)
49
Q

Where is the Transverse colon located?

A
  • Right Hypochondriac, umbilical, and the left hypochondriac regions
50
Q

Where is the descending colon located?

A
  • The Left Lumbar Region: Retroperitoneum

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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