Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Bones - The Spine, Sternum, and Ribs > Flashcards

Bones - The Spine, Sternum, and Ribs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Regions of the Vertebral Column?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Cervical region? Is it secondary or primary curvature?

A 
# of Vertebrae
- 7 Vertebrae: CI - CVII
Curvature
- Secondary
- At birth: Convex Posteriorly
- After birth: Convex Anteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many Vertebrae are in the Thoracic region? Does it have secondary or primary curvature?

A 
# of Vertebrae
- 12 Vertebrae: TI - TXII
Curvature
- Primary
- At birth: Convex Posteriorly
- After birth: Convex Posteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many Vertebrae are in the Lumbar region? Is the curvature Primary or Secondary?

A 
# of Vertebrae
- 5 Vertebrae: LI-LV
Curvature
- Secondary
- After birth: Convex Anteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many Vertebrae does the Sacral region have? Is its curvature Primary or Secondary?

A 
# of Vertebrae
- 5 (fused): SI - SV
Curvature 
- Primary
- At birth: convex posteriorly
- After birth: convex posteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the General Features of Vertebra? (5)

A
  • Vertebral Body
  • Vertebral Arch
  • Laminae
  • Transverse Processes
  • Articular Processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Location, Characteristics, and Function of the Vertebral Body.

A 
Location
- Anterior Aspect
Characteristics
- Larger in lower segments
- Thickest part of Vertebra
- Solid and circular
Function
- Provides stability in the Vertebral column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the Location, Characteristics, and Makeup of the Vertebral Arch?

A

Location
- On the Posterior Part
- Extending from Vertebral Body posteriorly
Characteristics
- Pedicle and Lamina complete the arch to form the Vertebral Foreman
Make Up (2 parts)
- Pedicle extends from the vertebral body posteriorly
- Lamina extends from the pedicle medially and posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Bony Features of the Pedicle

A
  • The superior and inferior surface is notched
  • They are called the superior and inferior notches.
  • Notches on adjacent vertebra form the Intervertebral Foramen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Intervertebral Foramen?

A
  • Formed by inferior and superior vertebral notches on adjacent pedicles of vertebrae
  • Passage way for spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Laminae

A
  • Bony Ridge
  • Projects posteromedially from the pedicles
  • Joins together at the midline
  • Combined with pedicle, forms the Vertebral Foramen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the Transverse Process on a typical Vertebrae

A
  • Extends laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae
  • Has Unique features based on what region of Vertebrae
  • Typical Vertebrae has 2 transverse process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Articular Process on a Typical Vertebrae

A
  • Two Processes on each side
  • Arise Superiorly and Inferiorly from the junction of laminae and pedicles
  • Adjacent vertebrae articulate with each other on the Articular process
  • Can have unique features based on specific Vertebrae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe a Spinous Process on typical vertebrae

A
  • Extends posteriorly from the convergence of Laminae

- Varies greatly based on specific vertebrae and regions of vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Cervical Vertebrae are Typical (4) and what are the typical characteristics of Cervical Vertebrae (2)?

A 
Typical Cervical Vertebrae 
- CIII-CVI
Unique Characteristics
- Bifurcated Spinous Process 
- Transverse processes forms a foramen (transverse foramen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the Atypical Cervical Vertebrae (3)?

A

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae

- CI; CII; CVII

17
Q

What is the Name and Unique Characteristics (6) of the CI Vertebra?

A

Name
- Atlas
Unique Characteristics
- No body
- Two lateral masses connected by anterior and posterior arches
- Still has transverse foramina
- Superior surface of lateral mass articulates with occipital condyles
- Inferior surface articulates with CII
- Anterior arch articulates with the odontoid process (dens) of CII

18
Q

What is the Name of the CII Vertebra? What Unique Features does it have?

A

Name
- Axis
Features
- Acts as a pivot for rotation of the head.
- Still has a bifid spinous process and transverse foramen
- Vertical projection extends from the superior surface of the body, called the odontoid process or dens axis.
- Dens articulates with the anterior arch of the Atlas (CI)
- Two large articular processes (superior articular facet) exist lateral to dens, which articulate with lateral masses of Atlas (CI)

19
Q

What are the Unique Features of the CVII vertebra?

A
  • The longest spinous process of cervical vertebrae

- Spinous process is not bifurcated

20
Q

Which Thoracic Vertebrae are Typical (8) and what are the characteristics of a typical Thoracic Vertebrae?

A

Typical Vertebrae
- TII-TIX
Characteristics
- Typified by Coastal Facets on sides of bodies and transverse processes
- Have a long and slender spinous process that points inferiorly

21
Q

What are the Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae (3)? Why are they considered Atypical?

A

Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae
- TI; TX-TXII
Why Atypical?
- They lack some of the typical features of thoracic vertebrae. Ie. long spinous process or coastal facets on sides of bodies and/or transverse processes

22
Q

What Features are Unique to Lumbar Vertebrae? (2)

A
  • Large body

- Short and thick spinous process

23
Q

What are the Unique Features on the Anterior side of the Sacrum? (5)

A
  • Transverse Ridges (line of fusion between Sacral Vertebrae)
  • Quite Smooth
  • Openings are Intervertebral Foramena, sacral spinal nerves go through them.
  • Concave
  • Promontory of Sacrum: Prominent, projects into the cavity, important in a clinic for determining whether a pregnant woman gives natural birth or through C-Section
24
Q

What are the Unique Features of the Posterior side of the Sacrum? (4)

A
  • Quite rough, lots of bony ridges
  • Prominent ridge in the middle
  • Convex
  • Sacral Crests: remnants of the sacral vertebral processes
25
Q

What Unique Feature is present on the lateral side of the Sacrum? (1)

A
  • Auricular Surface: smooth surface, resembles the ear. Articulates with the surface on the hip bone to form SarcoIliac Joint.
26
Q

What are the General Features of the shape of the Sacrum? (4)

A
  • The Base: faces superiorly and articulates with LV vertebra
  • Apex: inferior narrowing that articulates with the coccyx
  • Posterior/Anterior Sacral Foramina: 4 pairs of foramina on each side
  • Sacral Ala: Triangular Surfaces lateral to the promontory
27
Q

What Unique Features of the Sacrum are Internal? (2)

A
  • Sacral Canal: Continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum
  • Sacral Hiatus: opening on the inferior side of SV
28
Q

What Components make up the Sternum? (3)

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid Process
29
Q

Where is the Manubrium located? What are the Bony Features? (3)

A

Location
- Located on the superior end of the Sternum
Features
- Jugular Notch: on the superior surface (palpable)
- Clavicular notch: lateral to the jugular notch, location of articulation with clavicle
- Lateral Margin: Location of articulation with the first costal cartilage

30
Q

Where is the Body of the Sternum located? What Bony features does it have? (2)

A

Location
- Located in the middle of the sternum, inferior to the Xiphoid Process and Inferior to the Manubrium
Features
- Sternal Angle: Superior Anterior surface. location of articulation with manubrium and second costal cartilage. same level as Intervertebral disk between TIV - TV
- Lateral Sides: Location of articulation for costal cartilages of ribs II-VII

30
Q

Where is the Body of the Sternum located? What Bony features does it have? (2)

A

Location
- Located in the middle of the sternum, inferior to the Xiphoid Process and Inferior to the Manubrium
Features
- Sternal Angle: Superior Anterior surface. location of articulation with manubrium and second costal cartilage. same level as Intervertebral disk between TIV - TV
- Lateral Sides: Location of articulation for costal cartilages of ribs II-VII

31
Q

Where is the Xiphoid Process located? What are the bony Features?

A 
Location
- Inferior portion of the Sternum 
Features
- Shape: Round Inferior border 
- Xiphisternal Joint: articulation point with the body of the sternum. Site of articulation for 7th costal cartilage
32
Q

How many pairs of Ribs are there? What is their shape?

A

of Ribs
- 12 pairs
Shape of Ribs
- Flat and Curvy

33
Q

What is the difference between True Ribs, False Ribs, and Free Ribs? Which pairs fall into which category?

A

True Rib - Articulate anteriorly with sternum via costal cartilages
- I-VII (1st to 7th)
False Ribs - Do not directly articulate with sternum via costal cartilages
- VIII-XII (8th to 12th)
- VIII-X - articulate with sternum via the seventh costal cartilage
Free Ribs - Do not articulate with the sternum at all
- XI-XII

34
Q

What are the Typical Ribs (7) and what are their Characteristics (5)?

A

Typical Ribs
- III-IX
Characteristics
- Head: Posterior Part. Articulates with costal facets on the body of thoracic vertebra at the same level and vertebra above
- Neck: Part between head and costal tubercle
- Costal Tubercle: Articulates with Transverse Process with the corresponding vertebra
- Body: Curves with the greatest angle at the costal angle
- Costal Groove: Inferior part of Interior surface, location of intercostal nerves and vessels

35
Q

What are the Atypical Ribs (5)?

A
  • I; II; & X-XII (lack some features of typical ribs)
36
Q

What is the Thoracic Cage?

A
  • A cone-shaped structure that protects vital organs
37
Q

What are the Features of the Thoracic Cage? (4)

A
  • Apex (superior part): Root of the neck. Bound by TI (posteriorly), Rib I (laterally), & Superior surface of Manubrium (anteriorly)
  • Superior Thoracic Aperture: Opening created by the Apex
  • The Base: Bound by TXII vertebra (posteriorly), XI & XII ribs (posterolaterally), costal margin (anterolaterally), & Xiphoid Process (anteriorly)
  • Inferior Thoracic Aperture: Opening created by The Base and is sealed by the Diaphragm

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions