The Process of Science

Question 1

The scientific method

Answer 1

a way of studying the natural world through observations, hypotheses, and deductive reasoning.

Question 2

Steps in the Scientific Method

Answer 2

Make observations, ask questions, make hypotheses, generate testable predictions from hypotheses, devise tests

Question 3

Two types of study

Answer 3

Prospective or Retrospective

Question 4

Retrospective

Answer 4

A study that involves data or subjects or events or effects that have happened in the past.

Question 5

Prospective

Answer 5

A study that examines events/effects that will happen in the future.

Question 6

Control Group

Answer 6

a group that does not receive the treatment or drug

Question 7

Treatment Group

Answer 7

an experimental manipulation (patients who receive a drug for their illness)

Question 8

Controlled/Standardized Variable

Answer 8

parameters that the researcher is able to control (keep constant) during the experiment

Question 9

Uncontrolled Variable

Answer 9

parameters that the researcher is unable to control of keep constant during the experiment

Question 10

Sample Size

Answer 10

the number of people or subjects included in your study

Question 11

Randomize

Answer 11

place the subjects randomly into the treatment and control groups

Question 12

Representative Sample

Answer 12

a group of subjects that includes the diversity of people you wish to study

Question 13

Objectivity

Answer 13

uninfluenced by emotion or personal prejudice; based on observable phenomena

Question 14

Blind Study

Answer 14

a study where the participants do not know whether they have received a drug or a placebo

Question 15

Double Blind Study

Answer 15

a study where both the participants AND the researcher do not know who in the study has received a drug or a placebo

Question 16

Dependent Variable

Answer 16

the variable that is measured by the experimenter; it depends on the outcome of the experiment

Question 17

Independent Variable

Answer 17

the variable that the experimenter intentionally manipulates; what is being studied

Question 18

Anecdote

Answer 18

a single, life experience that one uses to provide information about a cause and effect / an event / or the natural world

Question 19

Atoms

Answer 19

The fundamental building blocks of everything

Question 20

Ionic Bonds

Answer 20

exchange or transfer electrons, tend to come apart in water,

Question 21

Covalent Bonds

Answer 21

sharing electrons, single and double bonds, very strong bonds

Question 22

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 22

bonds formed between 2 water molecules

Question 23

Metabolism

Answer 23

the process by which nutrients in food are converted into body tissue

Question 24

Macronutrients

Answer 24

nutrients the body needs in large amounts; proteins, carbs, fats

Question 25

Micronutrients

Answer 25

nutrients the body neds in small amounts, vitamins, minerals

Question 26

Protein

Answer 26

complex molecules constructed from a set of 20 amino acids

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

molecules containing one or more sugars

Question 28

Fats

Answer 28

complex molecules consisting of 3 fatty acid chains linked to one glycerol molecule

Question 29

Fats break into

Answer 29

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 30

LDL

Answer 30

mostly cholesterol; lead to deposits in arteries (“bad cholesterol”)

Question 31

HDL

Answer 31

high-density lipoproteins): mostly protein; converts cholesterol into bile acids in intestines (“good cholesterol”)

Question 32

Minerals

Answer 32

inorganic elements; calcium; potassium; sodium; iron

Question 33

Vitamins

Answer 33

substance which is essential or “vital” to our diet in very small amounts

Question 34

Metabolism

Answer 34

the process by which nutrients in food are converted into body tissue

Question 35

Pancreas

Answer 35

functions to secrete digestive enzymes into the liver; also secretes insulin

Question 36

Diabetes

Answer 36

cells are unable to take up glucose from blood

Question 37

Type 1

Answer 37

genetic; autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the part of the pancreas that secretes insulin, thus insufficient levels of insulin

Question 38

Type 2

Answer 38

low numbers of insulin receptors on target cells (tissues such as liver) primarily due to a diet high in sugars and simple carbohydrates