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Biology > Exam 3_Chapter 7 Photosynthesis Using Light to Make Food > Flashcards

Exam 3_Chapter 7 Photosynthesis Using Light to Make Food Flashcards

1
Q

photosynthesis

A

where plants, algae and certain bacteria turn CO2 and water into materials and oxygen through the use of light energy

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2
Q

What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

A

chloroplasts

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3
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

a pigment found in chloroplasts

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4
Q

Whats the purpose of chlorophyll?

A

helps convert solar energy to chemical energy

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5
Q

how many chloroplasts does a plant leaf cell contain?

A

30-40

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6
Q

what are stomata

A

tiny pores on the leaves that allow CO2 and O2 to come and exit

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7
Q

Do a chloroplasts have a double membrane envelope? Yes or No?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is stroma?

A

a thick liquid that is inside the enclosed part of the chloroplasts.

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9
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

interconnected membranous sacs suspended within in the stroma

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10
Q

Grana (Granum)

A

concentrated stacks of thylakoids

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11
Q

Where are chlorophyll specifically found in chloroplasts?

A

They are found within the thylakoids membranes

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12
Q

Why do chloroplasts have disks of thylakoids?

A

so it can have greater surface area for having more reactions with photosynthesis

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13
Q

A fall of electrons from glucose to oyxgen to forming water is a part of which ATP process?

A

cellular respiration

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14
Q

What happens to electrons in the photosynthesis compared with Cellular respiration?

A

electrons are instead boosted upwards and then added to CO2 to produce sugar

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15
Q

What is happening as electrons in the photosynthesis are being moved upwards?

A

Electrons are being paired with CO2 where they combine with hydrogen to create sugar.

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16
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

A

the light reaction and the calvin cycle

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17
Q

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

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18
Q

What happens in light reactions?

A

chlorophyll absorbs sun light energy to make ATP and NADPH, water is split, and oxygen is a byproduct

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19
Q

what is ATP do?

A

drives most cellular work

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20
Q

What does NADPH do?

A

acts as electron carrier

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21
Q

What are the 3 things that happen in light reactions?

A

Water split, electrons are used and O2 is a by product

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22
Q

What does the Calvin cycle do?

A

uses the energy from the light reaction to convert CO2 to sugars

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23
Q

where are the enzymes that are used in the Calvin Cycle found?

A

stroma

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24
Q

what molecule for the Calvin Cycle, drives the high energy electrons to synthesize glucose from CO2?

A

NADPH

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25
Q

What two energy molecules are needed for the Calvin cycle?

A

ATP and NADPH

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26
Q

What is Carbon Fixation

A

the initial corporation of Carbon from CO2 thus into organic compounds

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27
Q

Wavelength

A

the distance from one crest to the next crest

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28
Q

the full range of radiation, form short waves to longest waves is the ____?

A

The electromagnetic spectrum

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29
Q

what is the visible spectrum of light range in nm?

A

380nm to 750nm

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30
Q

what colors of visible light are most useful in photosynthesis

A

violet-blue and red-orange light

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31
Q

Which colors does chlorophyll a use?

A

blue-violet and red-light

32
Q

What colors does chlorophyll b use?

A

blue light and orange light

33
Q

Which pigment participates in light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll a

34
Q

What pigment doesn’t participate with light reactions?

A

Chlorophyll b

35
Q

Where does energy captured from chlorophyll b get sent to then?

A

Chlorophyll a

36
Q

What color are caretenoids?

A

yellow-orange

37
Q

What color light do carotenoids absorb?

A

blue green light

38
Q

What is the purpose of caretenoids?

A

dissipate excess energy that would otherwise damage chlorophyll

39
Q

what red pigment is found in tomatoes, watermelons, and red peppers

40
Q

What bright orange/red pigment is found in pumpkins, carrots and sweet potatoes?

A

beta-carotene

41
Q

Where are the chloroplast pigments built into?

A

They are in the membranes of the thylakoids.

42
Q

What are the parts of the photosystem?

A

all the pigments that are responsible for gathering and harvesting light

43
Q

what is a photon?

A

a fixed quantity of light energy

44
Q

What makes a photon increase it’s energy amount?

A

By decreasing it’s wavelength, for example blue/violet light.

45
Q

By how much is violet light compared with red light in energy amount?

46
Q

when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon, one of the ___?

A

pigment’s electrons gains energy.

47
Q

When an electron gain energy it is called __?

48
Q

what is released when an electron falls to ground state?

A

heat and fluorescence (light)

49
Q

what does the photosystem consist of?

A

a cluster of a few hundred pigment molecules

50
Q

What is the reaction center of the photosystem?

A

chlorophyll a molecules that sit next to a primary electron acceptor.

51
Q

What does the primary electron acceptor do?

A

traps the light -excited electrons from the chlorophyll a in the reaction center

52
Q

What does the first photosystem release?

53
Q

Why does the first system release O2

A

because it consumes H2O for it’s electrons that are used for the pigment molecules in chlorophyll

54
Q

What does the electron transport chain in thylakoids create?

A

ATP from the fall of electrons

55
Q

How is NADPH made?

A

when the light excited electrons are then used to convert NADP+ to NADPH

56
Q

What’s between the two photosystems?

A

THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN!

57
Q

What does the electron transport chain do?

A

Drives a gradient of Hydrogen ions that are used to drive ATP synthase to make ATP and then eventually combine with NADP+ to form NADPH

58
Q

What happens to the Hydrogen after being broken apart inside the thylakoid?

A

Moves through ATP synthase and is used to combine with NADP+ to form NADPH

59
Q

What is similar about cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A

Both have electron transport chain pumping hydrogen across membrane

60
Q

Why is water required as a reactant in photosynthesis

A

converting NADP+ to NADPH

61
Q

The electron tranpsport chain of chloroplasts provide energy for the synthesis of ___?

62
Q

What are the inputs for the Calvin cycle?

A

CO2 from the air and ATP and NADPH

63
Q

What does ATP do in the Calvin cycle?

A

provides energy

64
Q

What does NADPH do for the calvin cycle?

A

provide electrons

65
Q

Where is sugar made

A

in the Calvin cycle of choloroplasts

66
Q

what does the Calvin cycle do with ATP, NADPH, and CO2?

A

constructs G3P

67
Q

What is G3P

A

an energy rich sugar molecule

68
Q

what is G3P used for?

A

to make glucose and other organic compounds

69
Q

What is the function of NADPH in the Calvin cycle?

A

provides high energy electrons that are added to CO2 to form G3P

70
Q

Chloroplasts contain a thick fluid called ____?

71
Q

What is contained in the chloroplasts that is surrounded by stroma?

A

Thylakoids

72
Q

Which pigment in chloroplasts participate directly with light reactions?

A

Chlorophyll a

74
Q

How is G3P made?

A

CO2 and ATP and NADPH are used, requires 3 turns of the Calvin cycle

75
Q

Where’s the Calvin cycle located?

A

within the stroma

Biology (32 decks)

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