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Exam 3_Chapter 7 Photosynthesis Using Light to Make Food Flashcards

1
Q

photosynthesis

A

where plants, algae and certain bacteria turn CO2 and water into materials and oxygen through the use of light energy

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2
Q

What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

A

chloroplasts

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3
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

a pigment found in chloroplasts

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4
Q

Whats the purpose of chlorophyll?

A

helps convert solar energy to chemical energy

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5
Q

how many chloroplasts does a plant leaf cell contain?

A

30-40

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6
Q

what are stomata

A

tiny pores on the leaves that allow CO2 and O2 to come and exit

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7
Q

Do a chloroplasts have a double membrane envelope? Yes or No?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is stroma?

A

a thick liquid that is inside the enclosed part of the chloroplasts.

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9
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

interconnected membranous sacs suspended within in the stroma

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10
Q

Grana (Granum)

A

concentrated stacks of thylakoids

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11
Q

Where are chlorophyll specifically found in chloroplasts?

A

They are found within the thylakoids membranes

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12
Q

Why do chloroplasts have disks of thylakoids?

A

so it can have greater surface area for having more reactions with photosynthesis

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13
Q

A fall of electrons from glucose to oyxgen to forming water is a part of which ATP process?

A

cellular respiration

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14
Q

What happens to electrons in the photosynthesis compared with Cellular respiration?

A

electrons are instead boosted upwards and then added to CO2 to produce sugar

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15
Q

What is happening as electrons in the photosynthesis are being moved upwards?

A

Electrons are being paired with CO2 where they combine with hydrogen to create sugar.

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16
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

A

the light reaction and the calvin cycle

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17
Q

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

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18
Q

What happens in light reactions?

A

chlorophyll absorbs sun light energy to make ATP and NADPH, water is split, and oxygen is a byproduct

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19
Q

what is ATP do?

A

drives most cellular work

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20
Q

What does NADPH do?

A

acts as electron carrier

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21
Q

What are the 3 things that happen in light reactions?

A

Water split, electrons are used and O2 is a by product

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22
Q

What does the Calvin cycle do?

A

uses the energy from the light reaction to convert CO2 to sugars

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23
Q

where are the enzymes that are used in the Calvin Cycle found?

A

stroma

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24
Q

what molecule for the Calvin Cycle, drives the high energy electrons to synthesize glucose from CO2?

A

NADPH

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25
What two energy molecules are needed for the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH
26
What is Carbon Fixation
the initial corporation of Carbon from CO2 thus into organic compounds
27
Wavelength
the distance from one crest to the next crest
28
the full range of radiation, form short waves to longest waves is the ____?
The electromagnetic spectrum
29
what is the visible spectrum of light range in nm?
380nm to 750nm
30
what colors of visible light are most useful in photosynthesis
violet-blue and red-orange light
31
Which colors does chlorophyll a use?
blue-violet and red-light
32
What colors does chlorophyll b use?
blue light and orange light
33
Which pigment participates in light reactions of photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll a
34
What pigment doesn't participate with light reactions?
Chlorophyll b
35
Where does energy captured from chlorophyll b get sent to then?
Chlorophyll a
36
What color are caretenoids?
yellow-orange
37
What color light do carotenoids absorb?
blue green light
38
What is the purpose of caretenoids?
dissipate excess energy that would otherwise damage chlorophyll
39
what red pigment is found in tomatoes, watermelons, and red peppers
lycopene
40
What bright orange/red pigment is found in pumpkins, carrots and sweet potatoes?
beta-carotene
41
Where are the chloroplast pigments built into?
They are in the membranes of the thylakoids.
42
What are the parts of the photosystem?
all the pigments that are responsible for gathering and harvesting light
43
what is a photon?
a fixed quantity of light energy
44
What makes a photon increase it's energy amount?
By decreasing it's wavelength, for example blue/violet light.
45
By how much is violet light compared with red light in energy amount?
2x
46
when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon, one of the ___?
pigment's electrons gains energy.
47
When an electron gain energy it is called __?
excited.
48
what is released when an electron falls to ground state?
heat and fluorescence (light)
49
what does the photosystem consist of?
a cluster of a few hundred pigment molecules
50
What is the reaction center of the photosystem?
chlorophyll a molecules that sit next to a primary electron acceptor.
51
What does the primary electron acceptor do?
traps the light -excited electrons from the chlorophyll a in the reaction center
52
What does the first photosystem release?
O2
53
Why does the first system release O2
because it consumes H2O for it's electrons that are used for the pigment molecules in chlorophyll
54
What does the electron transport chain in thylakoids create?
ATP from the fall of electrons
55
How is NADPH made?
when the light excited electrons are then used to convert NADP+ to NADPH
56
What's between the two photosystems?
THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN!
57
What does the electron transport chain do?
Drives a gradient of Hydrogen ions that are used to drive ATP synthase to make ATP and then eventually combine with NADP+ to form NADPH
58
What happens to the Hydrogen after being broken apart inside the thylakoid?
Moves through ATP synthase and is used to combine with NADP+ to form NADPH
59
What is similar about cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Both have electron transport chain pumping hydrogen across membrane
60
Why is water required as a reactant in photosynthesis
converting NADP+ to NADPH
61
The electron tranpsport chain of chloroplasts provide energy for the synthesis of ___?
ATP
62
What are the inputs for the Calvin cycle?
CO2 from the air and ATP and NADPH
63
What does ATP do in the Calvin cycle?
provides energy
64
What does NADPH do for the calvin cycle?
provide electrons
65
Where is sugar made
in the Calvin cycle of choloroplasts
66
what does the Calvin cycle do with ATP, NADPH, and CO2?
constructs G3P
67
What is G3P
an energy rich sugar molecule
68
what is G3P used for?
to make glucose and other organic compounds
69
What is the function of NADPH in the Calvin cycle?
provides high energy electrons that are added to CO2 to form G3P
70
Chloroplasts contain a thick fluid called ____?
stroma
71
What is contained in the chloroplasts that is surrounded by stroma?
Thylakoids
72
Which pigment in chloroplasts participate directly with light reactions?
Chlorophyll a
73
74
How is G3P made?
CO2 and ATP and NADPH are used, requires 3 turns of the Calvin cycle
75
Where's the Calvin cycle located?
within the stroma
76

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