EXAM 3_PPTs Plants Transition to Land, Plant Structure and Growth Flashcards
What are charophytes?
group of green algae
What are bryophytes?
mosses
What are seedless vascular plants?
ferns, horsetails
What are gymnosperms?
conifers
What are angiosperms?
flowering plants
What was the first origin of plants?
charophytes then bryophytes
What are the first vascular plants
Ferns, horsetails
What are the first seed plants
gymnosperms then angiosperms
Charophyta what is it?
green algae
what cames after fertilization in land plants?
Zygote 2n
What comes after Zygote 2n does mitosis?
sporophyte (multicellular diploid 2n)
What comes after sporophyte multicell diploid 2n?
Haploid spores (1n)
What comes after haploid spores (1n)?
Gametophyte (multicellular haploid)
What comes after haploid spores n?
mitosis
What comes after mitosis?
gametophyte multicell haploid n
what comes after gametophyte multicell haploid n
gametes n
What problems do plants need to solve as they transition to life on land?
dessication (avoid drying), reproduction without water, transporting sugar/water, structural support
What is dessication?
avoid drying out - becoming resistant spores, wall of cells
What are sporopollenin?
a biological polymer found as a major component of the tough outer (exine) walls of plant spores and pollen grains
What is gametangie
organ with supportive cells produces/protect the gametes
What is archegonia?
egg gamete
What is antheridia?
sperm gamete
What are some other examples of dessication?
cuticle, bark, seeds
What kind of reproduction are bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?
flagellated sperm
What kind of reproduction are gymnosperms?
air-borne pollens
What kind of reproduction is angiosperms?
animal-dispersed pollen
What does a vascular system do?
transports food and water to plant body, also providing structure
Name an example of vascular system:
Lignin
What is phloem
food
What is xylem?
water
What is part of the shoot system?
photosynthesis, reproduction, stem/nodes, leaves, flowers and fruits, cones
What’s part of the root system?
anchors plant, storage organs, absorption of water and nutrients; roots, mycorrhizae, nitrogen fixing bacteria
What is the apical meristem?
What is the Node?
what is the internode?
What is the apical bud?
What is the vegetative shoot?
What is the blade?
What is the petiole?
What is the axillary bud?
What is the stem?
What is the taproot?
What are lateral branch roots?
What are root apical meristems?
What is a leaf?
What type of tissues do plants have?
dermal, vascular and ground
What do dermal tissues do?
cover the plant
Name an example of dermal tissues for plants:
Epidermis, stomata, trichomes, bark
What do vascular tissues do?
transport materials
What do ground tissues do?
metabolic functions, growth
Name examples of dermal tissues.
Epidermis, stomata, trichomes, bark
Name examples of vascular tissues
Xylem, phloem
What does xylem carry?
water
What does phloem carry?
Sugar solution
Name exmaples of ground tissues.
Meristems, photosynthesis, storage
What are the three basic plant cell types?
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
What are parenchyma?
soft, rounded cells with thin primary cell walls, air spaces between cells
What type of cells are most parenchyma?
Totipotent cells
What are totipotent cells?
undifferentiated that can still divide
What are collenchyma?
irregularly thicken primary cell wall, no air spaces
What are sclerenchyma?
rigid secondary cell wall, may have no cytoplasm left
Examples of sclerenchyma
wood, xylem, vessels, seed coat
Benefits of collenchyma
elastic support, flexibility, stems and leaf petioles
Xylem conducts water from ___?
roots to leaf.
What are sclerenchyma?
typically dead, thickened cell walls containing lignin
Xylem grow to size first then __?
makes secondary cell wall.
At maturity, xylem is __?
hollow and dead
Xylem is comprised of ___?
tracheids, vessels and fibers.
What are tracheids?
ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms
Wood is ___?
secondary xylem tissue
