Cells and Cell Growth

Question 1

Hayflick Limit

Answer 1

experiments on limits to cell division

Question 2

Elizabeth Blackburn

Answer 2

the role of telomeres in cell division

Question 3

Mitosis:

Answer 3

the process of cell division where the contents of the cell are duplicated, then the cell is split into 2 offspring cells that are diploid (2N)

Question 4

The phases of mitosis

Answer 4

IPMAT

Question 5

Interphase

Answer 5

cell prepares to divide –by making new proteins, organelles, and chromosomes.

Question 6

Prophase

Answer 6

chromosomes are visible, nuclear membrane breaks down, microtubules attach to chromosomes

Question 7

Metaphase

Answer 7

chromosomes line up on equator of cell

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

sister chromatids are pulled apart by microtubules

Question 9

Telophase

Answer 9

cell division occurs (cytokinesis); chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membrane reforms, microtubules disappear

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

the process of cell division where the contents of the cell are duplicated, then the cell contents divide, then the contents divide again resulting in 4 offspring cells that are haploid (1N)

Question 11

Monomers

Answer 11

amino acids and nucleotides

Question 12

Polymers

Answer 12

proteins, nucleic acids

Question 13

Endosymbiotic Theory

Question 14

Eukarya includes

Answer 14

Protists, Plants, Animals, Fungi

Question 15

Archaea

Answer 15

ancient, prokaryotes, extremeophiles, no organelle or nucleus

Question 16

Bacteria

Answer 16

cell wall made chitin, TB, Salmonella, E. coli

Question 17

Autotroph

Answer 17

makes own food from sun

Question 18

Heterotroph

Answer 18

ingests its food

Question 19

Chemotroph

Answer 19

uses sulfur or ammonia as energy

Question 20

Eukarya

Answer 20

animals, plants, fungi, protists,

Question 21

Animals

Answer 21

multicellular heterotrophs that feed by ingestion

Question 22

Plants

Answer 22

multicellular autotrophs

Question 23

Fungi

Answer 23

single cells, and multicellular, heterotrophs that feed by absorption of nutrients from the environment (or host animals or plants)

Question 24

Protists

Answer 24

eukaryotic organisms that are NOT animals, plants, or fungi”Some examples of protists:

Question 25

Examples of protists

Answer 25

Protozoans, Slime Molds, Green algae

Question 26

Cancer

Answer 26

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells; the cells multiply rapidly and cease to function within the tissue.

Question 27

Infiltration

Answer 27

cancer cells crowd out and replace healthy cells

Question 28

Metastasize

Answer 28

cancer cells migrate to new sites and form new tumors

Question 29

Oncogenes

Answer 29

when certain genes mutate they then code for proteins that cause cells to divide out of control and cause cancer

Question 30

Tumor Supressor Genes

Answer 30

genes that code for proteins that inhibit cells from dividing

Question 31

Telomeres

Answer 31

count” how many times cells divide and after a programmed number of division will initiate senescence

Question 32

Telomerase

Answer 32

systematically replaces DNA segments on the ends of the chromosomes

Question 33

Hooke

Answer 33

first to see a microbe

Question 34

Cell Theory

Answer 34

All living things are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the smallest unit having the properties of life. 3. New cells arise only from existing cells.

Question 35

Two Major Category of cells

Answer 35

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 36

Prokarytoic cells include

Answer 36

bacteria and archaea

Question 37

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 37

protists, plants, fungi, and animals

Question 38

Adhesion Proteins

Answer 38

connect 2 cells so they can work as a unit

Question 39

Where do viruses attach

Answer 39

glycoprotein receptors

Question 40

Endoplasmic Reticulum has

Answer 40

ribosomes, rough ER, nuclear envelope, smooth ER

Question 41

Ameoba

Answer 41

single celled animal

Question 42

3 Domains of LIfe

Answer 42

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota

Question 43

Prophase

Answer 43

Chromosomes begin to condense and become visible.

Question 44

Metaphase

Answer 44

Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell.

Question 45

Anaphase

Answer 45

Chromosomes are pulled apart.

Question 46

Telophase

Answer 46

Chromosomes have separated and nuclear membrane begins to reform.

Question 47

Meiosis 1:

Answer 47

Homologous Chromosomes separate

Question 48

Meiosis 2

Answer 48

Sister Chromatids separate

Question 49

ABC of Moles

Answer 49

Asymmetry, Border irreg., color, diameter