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Biology > Cells and Cell Growth > Flashcards

Cells and Cell Growth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hayflick Limit

A

experiments on limits to cell division

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2
Q

Elizabeth Blackburn

A

the role of telomeres in cell division

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3
Q

Mitosis:

A

the process of cell division where the contents of the cell are duplicated, then the cell is split into 2 offspring cells that are diploid (2N)

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4
Q

The phases of mitosis

A

IPMAT

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5
Q

Interphase

A

cell prepares to divide –by making new proteins, organelles, and chromosomes.

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6
Q

Prophase

A

chromosomes are visible, nuclear membrane breaks down, microtubules attach to chromosomes

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7
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes line up on equator of cell

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8
Q

Anaphase

A

sister chromatids are pulled apart by microtubules

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9
Q

Telophase

A

cell division occurs (cytokinesis); chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membrane reforms, microtubules disappear

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10
Q

Meiosis

A

the process of cell division where the contents of the cell are duplicated, then the cell contents divide, then the contents divide again resulting in 4 offspring cells that are haploid (1N)

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11
Q

Monomers

A

amino acids and nucleotides

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12
Q

Polymers

A

proteins, nucleic acids

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13
Q

Endosymbiotic Theory

A
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14
Q

Eukarya includes

A

Protists, Plants, Animals, Fungi

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15
Q

Archaea

A

ancient, prokaryotes, extremeophiles, no organelle or nucleus

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16
Q

Bacteria

A

cell wall made chitin, TB, Salmonella, E. coli

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17
Q

Autotroph

A

makes own food from sun

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18
Q

Heterotroph

A

ingests its food

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19
Q

Chemotroph

A

uses sulfur or ammonia as energy

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20
Q

Eukarya

A

animals, plants, fungi, protists,

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21
Q

Animals

A

multicellular heterotrophs that feed by ingestion

22
Q

Plants

A

multicellular autotrophs

23
Q

Fungi

A

single cells, and multicellular, heterotrophs that feed by absorption of nutrients from the environment (or host animals or plants)

24
Q

Protists

A

eukaryotic organisms that are NOT animals, plants, or fungi”Some examples of protists:

25
Q

Examples of protists

A

Protozoans, Slime Molds, Green algae

26
Q

Cancer

A

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells; the cells multiply rapidly and cease to function within the tissue.

27
Q

Infiltration

A

cancer cells crowd out and replace healthy cells

28
Q

Metastasize

A

cancer cells migrate to new sites and form new tumors

29
Q

Oncogenes

A

when certain genes mutate they then code for proteins that cause cells to divide out of control and cause cancer

30
Q

Tumor Supressor Genes

A

genes that code for proteins that inhibit cells from dividing

31
Q

Telomeres

A

count” how many times cells divide and after a programmed number of division will initiate senescence

32
Q

Telomerase

A

systematically replaces DNA segments on the ends of the chromosomes

33
Q

Hooke

A

first to see a microbe

34
Q

Cell Theory

A

All living things are composed of one or more
cells
2. The cell is the smallest unit having the properties
of life.
3. New cells arise only from existing cells.

35
Q

Two Major Category of cells

A

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

36
Q

Prokarytoic cells include

A

bacteria and archaea

37
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

protists, plants, fungi, and animals

38
Q

Adhesion Proteins

A

connect 2 cells so they can work as a unit

39
Q

Where do viruses attach

A

glycoprotein receptors

40
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum has

A

ribosomes, rough ER, nuclear envelope, smooth ER

41
Q

Ameoba

A

single celled animal

42
Q

3 Domains of LIfe

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota

43
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes begin to
condense and become visible.

44
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align along the
equator of the cell.

45
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes are pulled apart.

46
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes have separated
and nuclear membrane begins to
reform.

47
Q

Meiosis 1:

A

Homologous
Chromosomes separate

48
Q

Meiosis 2

A

Sister
Chromatids separate

49
Q

ABC of Moles

A

Asymmetry, Border irreg., color, diameter

50
Q
A

Biology (18 decks)

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