Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Exam 3_Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development go to page 764, 765 > Flashcards

Exam 3_Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development go to page 764, 765 Flashcards

Campbell 12edition Biology

1
Q

Leaves

A

provide surface area for absorbing sunlight and exchanging gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stems

A

support and elevate leaves, maximizing photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the organs of vascular plants?

A

leaves, stems, roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dermal tissue

A

protects organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vascular tissue

A

provides support and transports resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ground Tissue

A

includes cells that carry out photosynthesis and stores sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the tissue level of vascular plants

A

Dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are photosynthetic cells?

A

contain chloroplasts that convert sunlight to chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tube-shaped cells

A

transport resources, carries water and minerals and sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cells with root hairs

A

near the tips of roots, increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are examples of nonreproductive growth of plants?

A

roots, stems, and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two groups of angiosperms?

A

eudicots and monocots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are angiosperms reproductive growth?

A

flowers, seeds, and fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plants, like most animals are composed of:

A

cells, tissues, and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

As terrestrial organisms, plants have to draw from two very different environments which are:

A

below and above the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Plants must absorb water from below ground?

A

water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plants must absorb what from above ground?

A

CO2 and light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 basic organs of plants?

A

roots, stems and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What two systems are formed by the organs of plants?

A

root system and shoot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are photosynthates?

A

sugars and other carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are photosynthates used for

A

feeding the roots for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a root?

A

an organ that anchors a vascular plant in the soil, and often stores carbs and other reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the first root to emerge from a geminating seed?

A

the primary root from a seed embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the purpose of lateral roots?

A

enhances the anchoring system and the absorption of water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the taproot?
one main vertical root, a part of the taproot system, that develops from the primary root
26
What's the main purpose of the taproot system?
anchors the plant in the soil, makes plant grow taller, and also food storage aka carrots
27
Small vascular plants have a trailing growth habit that is anchored by a ___?
fibrous root system
28
Which type of angiosperms have mostly fibrous root systems?
monocots
29
What happens to the primary root early on in these fibrous root systems?
dies off
30
In most plants the absorption of water and minerals occurs where?
Primarily near the tips of elongating roots with root hairs
31
What are mycorrhizal associations?
symbiotic relationships with soil fungi that increase a plant's ability to absorb minerals
32
What does adventitious mean?
a plant organ that grows in an unusual location
33
What are Pneumatophores
air roots, projecting above surface at low tide
34
Buttress roots
large, wide roots that grow from the base of a tree to provide mechanical support and stabilize the tree
35
Stem
a plant organ bearing leaves and buds
36
what is the chief function of a stem?
to elongate/orient the shoot in a way that maximizes photosynthesis; helps elevate reproductive structures
37
Nodes
the point of which leaves are attached
38
Internodes
the stem segments between the nodes
39
Apical Bud
the growing shoot tip
40
Axillary Bud
formed by each leaf and stem, that forms a lateral branch, flower or thorn
41
Rhizomes:
a horizontal shoot growing below surface
42
Stolons
horizontal shoots that grow along the surface ex. strawberry plant runners
43
Tubers
enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons, storing food
44
What are the eyes of potatoes?
clusters of axillary buds
45
Leaf
the main photosynthetic organ
46
A leaf consists of a...?
flattened blade and a stalk, the petiole
47
What is the petiole
the stack of the leaf
48
What do leaves in addition do?
exchange gases, dissipate heat, and defend themselves
49
How do monocots and eudicots differ?
By the veins
50
What are veins of plants?
the vascular tissue of leaves
51
What type of veins do monocots have?
parallel major veins equal diameter
52
What type of veins do eudicots have?
branched network of veins, from a major center vein
53
What is the major center vein of a leaf called?
The midrib
54
What does a simple leaf consist of?
a single leaf blade
55
What is a compound leaf?
blade consists of multiple leaflets
56
Are leaflets associated with Axillary bud?
No
57
What are tendrils?
modified leaves (and even stems, grapevine) that coil once it finds support
58
What are the spines of cacti?
modified leaves
59
Where are the leaves of onion bulbs?
The layers of onions are modified leaves!
60
reproductive leaves work by __?
plantlets falling off leaf taking root in soil
61
What are sporophylls?
leaves highly specialized for sexual reproduction (carpels, stamen)
62
What are the 3 vascular plant organs?
roots, stems and leaves
63
What are the 3 plant tissue types?
dermal, vascular , and ground tissue
64
tissue system
connecting all organs
65
Dermal tissue
outer protective covering of the plant
66
Vascular tissue system
transports materials between the root and shoot systems
67
The ground tissue is located between the __?
dermal tissue and the vascular tissue
68
Epidermis
a layer of tightly packed cells, in nonwoody plants
69
Cuticle
waxy epidermal coating, preventing water loss
70
Periderm
woody plant protective tissue
71
In addition to protection, epidermis has __?
specialized cells
72
What are guard cells?
specialized epidermal cells involved in gas exchange
73
Trichomes
epidermal outgrowth cells defend against insects
74
What are the functions of the vascular tissue?
transport materials and mechanical support
75
Two types of vascular tissue
Xylem and Phloem
76
Xylem
conducts water and minerals (roots to shoots)
77
Phloem
transports sugars (leaves to roots/fruits/growth)
78
Vascular tissue of root or stem is collectively called __? hint: combines xylem and phloem
stele
79
In angiosperms, the stele is a ____ for roots
solider central vascular cylinder
80
In angiosperms, the stems and leaves consist of ____ strands containing xylem and phloem
vascular bundles, separate
81
What is Ground Tissue compared with others?
neither dermal, nor vascular
82
Pith:
ground tissue that is internal to vascular tissue
83
Cortex
ground tissue that is external to vascular tissue
84
Why is ground tissue essential?
specialized cells like storage, photosynthetic, support and transport
85
What is cell differentiation?
become specialized in structure and function during course of development
86
What are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?
sclereids and fibers
87
Sclereids
irregular in shape, very thick lignified secondary walls, boxier than fiberes
88
Fibers
grouped in strands, long, slender, tapered, sclerenchyma cells
89
Two types of water conducting cells?
tracheids and vessel elements
90
Where do tracheids occur?
xylem of all plants
91
What are vessel elements:
tubular, elongated cells that are dead and lignified at functional maturity
92
What are tracheids?
long, thin cells with tapered ends
93
What's the purpose of pits
water moves from cell to cell
94
The ____ walls of tracheids and vessel elements are hardened with lignin.
secondary
95
How is xylem different to phloem?
Phloem are alive functional maturity compared to the dead xylem.
96
What type of plants use sieve cells?
seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms
97
What sleve-tube elements?
chan of cells that make up sieve tubes
98
Sieve plates
the end walls between sieve-tube elements, that have pores that facilitate the flow
99
Plasmodesmata
connects the companion cell to the sieve-tube element
100
What do companion cells do?
serve as nucleus and ribosomes and transporting sugars
101
Indeterminate Growth
growth can occur whenever and throughout a plants life
102
Meristems
undifferentiated tissues
103
Determinate growth
stop growing after a certain size (plant organs, and animals)
104
Two types of meristems:
apical meristem and lateral meristem
105
Apical Meristem
enable primary growth, located at root and shoot tips
106
What is primary growth
growth in length
107

Biology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions