Exam 2_PPT Mitosis and Cancer, Cloning Activity, EXAM 2 WORKSHEET

Question 1

Define mitosis with two words.

Answer 1

Cell division

Question 2

Name the 4 cell division cycle phases.

Answer 2

Mitosis, G1, S, G2

Question 3

Name the nitrogen bases of DNA

Answer 3

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 4

Define mitosis fully.

Answer 4

when cells divide, the offspring cells are exactly the same as the parent

Question 5

Define meiosis:

Answer 5

when cells divide, new offspring cells are different that the parent cell and have half genetic material

Question 6

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 6

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 7

What happens in prophase?

Answer 7

chromosomes begin to condense and become visible.

Question 8

What is metaphase.

Answer 8

Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell

Question 9

What is anaphase?

Answer 9

chromosomes are pull apart.

Question 10

What is telophase?

Answer 10

chromosomes have separated and nuclear membrane begins to reform

Question 11

What happens in meiosis 1?

Answer 11

homologous chromosomes separate.

Question 12

What happens in meiosis 2?

Answer 12

Sister chromatid separate.

Question 13

what is the result of meiosis?

Answer 13

5 cells that have 1/2 the chromosomes

Question 14

Name the 5 things that happen for cancer to occur:

Answer 14

8 or 9 mutations; same cell, cell growth/division genes, cells don’t function/differentiate

Question 15

what is dysplasia

Answer 15

describe the presence of abnormal cells within a tissue or organ

Question 16

Name 5 things about cancer.

Answer 16

Large, variable shaped nuclei; many dividing cells; disorganized arrangement; variation in size/shape, loss of normal features

Question 17

7 warning signs of cancer:

Answer 17

Bowel/bladder change; unhealing sore; discharge or bleeding; lump somewhere; indigestion/eating difficulty; change in wart or mole; nagging cough or hoarseness

Question 18

what is cloning?

Answer 18

making genetically identical copies of organisms

Question 19

Why is the donor cell enucleated?

Answer 19

Donor cell not used

Question 20

Potential benefit of cloning sheep?

Answer 20

antibodies milk helps CF, multiple s., and cancer; make human organs.

Question 21

Somatic cell nuclear transfer what is?

Answer 21

Take ovum, remove DNA, take nucleus somatic, put new egg cell in surrogate

Question 22

Difficulties with cloning.

Answer 22

success rate low, spindle proteins not available

Question 23

Why we shouldn’t clone humans

Answer 23

Die, immune system, defective hearts, brains, liver, bad personality, unethical

Question 24

Why is it easier to clone plants?

Answer 24

vegetative propagation; plants have ability to become any cell when needed, therefore the stem can turn into roots, and fruit trees can be grafted, and cut off plants can be replanted

Question 25

Anaphase

Answer 25

separates into two identical daughter cells

Question 26

Prophase

Answer 26

mitotic spindle and chromosome condensation

Question 27

Telophase

Answer 27

nuclear membrane reforms, mitotic spindle disassembles

Question 28

Interphase

Answer 28

Cell grows, makes copy of DNA, preparing for cell devision

Question 29

Metaphase

Answer 29

chromosomes aligned in equator of spindle

Question 30

How are viruses compared to cells?

Answer 30

very very small, just packages of nucleic acid and protein

Question 31

Mitosis

Answer 31

producing two identical nuclei daughter cells

Question 32

Meiosis

Answer 32

produce 4 gametes, with half number of chromosomes

Question 33

What is S phase

Answer 33

DNA replication takes place

Question 34

What is G1 Phase

Answer 34

cell is metabolically active and grows but no DNA replication

Question 35

What is G2 phase

Answer 35

cell growth continues and proteins are syntessized in preparation for mitosis

Question 36

What is interphase?

Answer 36

period of cell cycle that includes G1, S phase and G2, grows, prepared for DNA replication and proteins made

Question 37

Telomeres

Answer 37

end caps of chromosomes that basically tell how long cells can divide and then

Question 38

telomerase

Answer 38

adds nucleotides to telomeres; maintains the length of telomeres

Question 39

what cells do mitosis

Answer 39

all eukaryotes cell undergo mitosis; somatic cells; sperm and egg cells don't

Question 40

Stem Cells:

Answer 40

undifferentiated; can give rise to more cells of any type