The Islamic World - MT1 - Part 1 Flashcards
What was science done during the Islamic world called? (2)
- Islamic science
- Arabic science
- these were inaccurate and misleading
What does all good science have?
A transcultural character
What does Islamic science, Chinese science, Indian science, etc, all have the same and difference as?
- Same = fundamental basis of science
- Different = dominant regions
Why is it impossible to determine the private religious beliefs of individuals now?
Because there were many different scholars and scientists around at the same time
What were the 4 developmental stages of the Islamic science?
- Translation
- Greek work into Arbic - Assimulation
- New inquiries
- asking questions others have not answered - Revolutionary thinking
What 3 aspects of Islamic civilization encouraged the development of science?
- Islamic expansion
- Muhammed and the Quran welcomed education and inquiry into nature
- The wealth and unity of Islamic civilization supported the activities of a secular intellectual class
What did the Islamic civilization do as it expanded?
Collected the scattered remains of classical learning and translated them and built off from there
What was the myth about the library?
That it was destroyed by the Muslims army
What library preserved some Greek work?
Byzantine libraries
- the work was continuous
What were 4 great ancient Chinese inventions?
- Gunpowder
- Printing
- Compass
- Paper
What did paper allow?
The wide distribution of the written word
What did Islamic science have?
Alchemical ambitions
What was alchemy?
It was a past-practical, part-mystical attempt to provide what people wanted above all
What 2 things do people want above all?
- Wealth
2. Longevity
What did the philosopher’s stone do?
Turned common metal into gold
What did alchemists do?
They discovered and invented many things
What did the alchemists invent? (2)
- Apparatus, glass wear
- alembic - Distillation
What does distillation do? (3)
- Collects condensation
- Separates mixtures
- Makes the solution stronger by taking the water out
- lead to making wine and beer
What did the alchemists want to find?
A universal solvent
What can water and alcohol dissolve?
Only certain materials
What did Joseph Write discover?
Isolated P
- took his neighbours urine and distilled it because it was the colour gold like the philosophers stone and he was trying to find it
What is largely Islamic biology?
Practical medicine
What were Islamic medicines main contributions? (3)
- Medical encyclopedism
- Preparation of drugs
- Use of drugs
Who was Avicenna?
Was the greatest Islamic intellectual
- he was a polymath
What did Avicenna believe?
That medicine is a science
What did Avicenna not believe in? (3)
- Astrology
- Polypharmacy
- Magic
What did Avicenna adopt?
Aristotle’s concept of purpose in nature
What did Avicenna base his anatomy on?
Galen
What did Avicenna stress? (3)
- Diagnosis
- Disease symptoms
- Disease names
- these are distinguishing features of Islamic medicine
What show symptoms for a specific diagnosis?
Aliments
- less holistic approach
What works did Avicenna use that was ahead of his time? (4)
- Dream analysis
- Music therapy
- Daily exercise
- Clinical drug trials
What did Ibnan-Nafis do?
He questioned Galen’s authority on the movement of blood
What did Ibnan-Nafis propose for the movement of blood?
A pulmonary circulation
- moves blood from the right ventricle to the left ventricle via the pulmonary circuit
- not by pores like Galen said
