Evolution Before Darwin - MT3 - Part 2 Flashcards
Who is Charles Darwin’s grandfather?
Erasmus Darwin
What book did Erasmus Darwin write?
Zoonomia
What is some evidence for evolution that Erasmus discovered? (3)
- Similarities among mammals
- comparative anatomy - Inherited varablility
- Aniamals must form a natural group
- common ancestor
The case of evolutionary change
The faculty of continuing to improve by its own inherent activity, and of delivering down those improvements by generation to its posterity
- inheritance of characteristics acquired during life
- effort –> results in strengthening –> leads to inherited genetic legacy
What did Darwin conclude about warm blooded animals?
That they were descended from one common ancestor
Adiaphorism
A christian protestant theological theory that certiain rules and actions were matters of indifference in religion since not forbidden by the scriptures
What did Lamarck have? (4)
- Physical courage
- Intellectual courage
- Could think flexibly
- Could think creatively
What was Lamarck?
An accomplished botanist
What did Lamarck identify?
Biological keys
What did Lamarck invent? (3)
- Biology
- Biosphere
- Invertebrates
What were 2 kinds of Lamarck’s invertebrates?
- Insects
2. Worms
What did Linnaean hierarchies suggest?
Relationships
What was Linnaean the first to do?
Gather everything and give a case
What was Linnaean no the first to do?
Discover the separate strands of biology
What does the reality of evolutionary changes mean?
That evolution must occur if life is to survive
- couldnt have static life with the earth cnahging
How does evolution solve the problem of extinction?
New species evolve to take the place of vanished ones
- animals evolve to fill in the gaps of extinction
What were Lamarck’s 2 cases of evolution?
- The innate tendency for living things to increase the complexity of their organization and function
- Use and disuse
How does Lamarck think complexity arises?
From fluids sloshing around an organisms, carving out new channels and organs, thus increasing their complexity
- this novel complexity is inherited
What does Lamarck think of the use and disuse theory?
If an organ or part is used it increases heritability in size and in strength. If it is not used, it deteriorates and disappears
- also heritably
What does heritably lead to?
Branching
How did Lamarck try and prove his use and disuse theory?
By cutting off mice’s tails and having them mate so he could see what their offsprings would look like
- expected the tails to get shorter
How did Lamarck impede evolutionary work?
Unscientific work
- lack of knowledge on physiology
What years are Patrick Matthew?
1790-1874
What was Matthew?
He was a well travelled and well rounded Scottish landowner
