Scientific Revolution and the Human Body - MT2 - Part 2

Question 1

What did Leonardo da Vinci finish/not do? (2)

Answer 1

1. He finished few projects

2. Did not organize or publish his scientific work

Question 2

What did Leonardo learn?

Answer 2

Anatomy as a teenager art apprentice

Question 3

What was Leonardos main influence in biology and in medicine?

Answer 3

His incorporation of anatomy into art

- killed an dissected animals

Question 4

What did Vesalius believe in?

Answer 4

Hands on learning compared to reading it in a book

Question 5

What did Vesalius want to know about organisms?

Answer 5

What they were composed of

Question 6

What made Vesalius skeptic about Galens work?

Answer 6

He noticed discrepancies

- he knew the difference of what he was seeing vs what Galen was telling him

Question 7

What did Galen think about the heart?

Answer 7

That it had pores to move the blood

Question 8

What did Vesalius become aware of Galen?

Answer 8

That he never actually dissected a human body

- this meant that Galen knew less then he did and he didnt have to believe Galen

Question 9

What could Vesalius do that Galen couldnt?

Answer 9

He could produce a more accurate perspective of the human anatomy
- this is when modern medicine began

Question 10

What did Leonardo want to understand about humans?

Answer 10

How they were put together

Question 11

With did the finger of god have to do with?

Answer 11

The human brain

Question 12

What other things was Leonardo interested in? (2)

Answer 12

1. Interested in flight
   - thought it was based off of the close study of birds
   - wanted to know how wings worked
2. Interested in geology
   - collected fossils
   - accepted the reality of fossils when others were skeptics

Question 13

What did Andreas Vesalius produce?

Answer 13

The first accurate high quality book of human anatomy ever published
- On the Fabric of the Human Body

Question 14

What did Vesalius become?

Answer 14

The father of modern medicine

Question 15

How did Vesalius acquire bodies for his dissections?

Answer 15

1. Through capital punishment
   - the judge would hang prisoners around Vesalius’ teaching schedule so he could use the bodies
   - but it was bias to men because women were not hung
2. Robbed graves
3. Cut off limbs from hanging bodies in trees and hid them under his bed

Question 16

When was his antomony class held and why?

Answer 16

It was held in the winter, so that the bodies rotted more slowly

Question 17

What was a constant hazard?

Answer 17

Infection

Question 18

What did they not have? (2)

Answer 18

1. Antibiotics
   - if you got cut you would most likely develop an infection
2. Refrigeration
   - so he kept the bodies outside so they can decompose more slowly

Question 19

What was Vesalius’ book 2 main virtues?

Answer 19

1. Anatomical correctness

2. High quality illustrations

Question 20

What did Galen and Vesalius both agree on?

Answer 20

Physiology of the blood

• Vesalius did not propose a circulation of blood
• even though they did not agree on anatomy

Question 21

What did Vesalius accept of Galen’s?

Answer 21

His philosophy that the human body was perfectly designed by god

Question 22

What kind of circulation do mammals have?

Answer 22

Double circulation

- systemic and pulmonary

Question 23

Systemic circuit

Answer 23

Everything outside the lungs

- eg) muscles and organs

Question 24

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 24

Goes though the lungs

- picks up O2

Question 25

What was Michael Servetus interested in?

Answer 25

Anatomy

Question 26

What did Servetus not believe in? (4)

Answer 26

1. Salvation of faith
2. Infant baptism
3. The holy trinity
4. Pre-destination

Question 27

What did Servetus argue?

Answer 27

The in order to understand the human spirit, one must understand the human body

Question 28

What does Servetus discover?

Answer 28

The pulmonary circuit

- the pulmonary artery is huge = lungs could not possibly consume all that blood

Question 29

What colour is the blood in the pulmonary artery and in the pulmonary vein?

Answer 29

• Pulmonary artery = dark red

- Pulmonary vein = light red

Question 30

Why did Servetus think the colours changed in the arteries and in the veins?

Answer 30

Thought that picking up O2 changed the colour and made it lighter

Question 31

Why did Vesalius and Realdo Colombo stop being friends?

Answer 31

Because Colombo accused Vesalius of anatomical errors

Question 32

What did Colombo plan on doing after he accused Vesalius of his errors?

Answer 32

He was going to write his own book on anatomy in order to correct Vesalius’ mistakes
- presented a clear statement of the pulmonary circuit

Question 33

What did Girolamo Fabrici see?

Answer 33

He could see bumps in the veins if arms

Question 34

What did the bumps in the arm demonstrate for Fabrici?

Answer 34

Showed one way flow of fluid

Question 35

How did Fabrici show one way flow of fluid?

Answer 35

He squirted was in one direction and it came out the other end and the tried to do the same thing in the other direction but it didnt work