Chemistry - MT2 - Part 1

Question 1

What are the 3 importance of alchemy to chemistry?

Answer 1

1. Techniques – precipitation + distillation
2. Process of analysis + transformation
3. Power over nature

Question 2

What are the 3 deficiencies of alchemy as a science?

Answer 2

1. Mystical in some pursuit
2. Not quantitative
3. No theory/no understanding of why things occurred

Question 3

What was Paracelsus real name?

Answer 3

Philippus Aureolus Theophratus Bpmbastus von Hohenheim

Question 4

What did Paracelsus reject?

Answer 4

Academia

- and went off to travel instead

Question 5

What did Paracelsus say about doctors?

Answer 5

A doctor must see out old wives, gypsies, sorcerers, wandering tribes, old robbers and such outlaws and take lessons from them
- a doc must be a traveller. Knowledge is experience

Question 6

Where did Paracelsus work?

Answer 6

In mines to learn about mettallurgy and the properties of metals

Question 7

Even though Paracelsus didnt have the formal education, what did Paracelsus become?

Answer 7

A physician

- and opened up his own private practice

Question 8

Why did patients have high regards for Paracelsus as a physician? (3)

Answer 8

1. He didnt sew unnecessary
2. He didnt over charge
3. He didnt give patients meds they didnt need

Question 9

How did Paracelsus piss off other people?

Answer 9

He thought he knew more than they did

Question 10

Who is the only ancient author worth studying?

Answer 10

Hippocrates

Question 11

What should medicine focus on?

Answer 11

Function, not form

• dissection of cadavers are useless
• dead anatomy

Question 12

What kind of process is life?

Answer 12

Chemical

Question 13

What is chemistry central to understand? (2)

Answer 13

1. Human function

2. Medicine

Question 14

Iatrochemistry

Answer 14

Using chemistry to understand human function and medicine

Question 15

What does the body have that controls its function?

Answer 15

A mystical internal alchemist

- archeus

Question 16

What is illness a result of?

Answer 16

Defects in the body chemistry

Question 17

What should choice of drug be based on? (2)

Answer 17

1. Astrology
   - correspondences among the planets, metals and parts of the body
2. Doctrine of signatures

Question 18

How did Paracelsus treat wounds?

Answer 18

By keeping them clean and letting themselves heal by themselves

• poured oil over the wounds to keep them clean
• very painful but better than cutting of a limb

Question 19

How would Paracelsus treat patients with syphilis?

Answer 19

With mercury

- highly toxic but it had beneficial effects

Question 20

What are 2 drugs that are associated with Paracelsus?

Answer 20

1. Laudamum
   - mixture of wine and opium
   - functioned as a cough represent
2. Sweet vitrial
   - di ethyl ether

Question 21

How did Paracelsus think like a chemist? (3)

Answer 21

1. Believed in pure starting material
2. Precise measurements
3. Defined drugs

Question 22

How did Paracelsus think like a biochemist? (3)

Answer 22

1. Quantity and dosage were important
   - dose makes the poison
2. Involved in chemical transformations
3. Specific substances had specific effects

Question 23

How did Paracelsus think like a mystic? (2)

Answer 23

1. Astrology

2. Forward thinking with biochemistry

Question 24

Who subscribed to the approach of iatrochemistry?

Answer 24

Jan Baptista Van Helmont

Question 25

What did Van Helmont understand?

Answer 25

The conversion of matter in chemical reactions - observed dissolving metal in acid does not change the combined weight of the 2 - the solution weighed the same as both the solute and the solvent separately (but were mixed together)

Question 26

What did Van Helmont believe?

Answer 26

That everything was made from water | - except air

Question 27

Van Helmont famous will tree experiment

Answer 27

Was the 1st experiment in plant physiology because it was a quantitative experiment - took a young tree and watered it and found out that it had gained weight - couldnt have been from the soil so it must have been the water

Question 28

What kinds of air did Van Helmont think there was? (2)

Answer 28

1. Vapours | 2. Spirits

Question 29

Van Helmont charcoal experiment

Answer 29

Burned charcoal and found the products consisted of ash and vapours that would not support the burning of a candle - vapours with the same property were given off by the burning of alcohol and the fermentation of wine

Question 30

Spiritus sylvester

Answer 30

Spirit of wood | - CO2

Question 31

What did Van Helmont believe about fermentation?

Answer 31

That food used by animals, alcoholic fermentation and the burning of wood are all the same process - fermentation