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Bio 400 - History of Biology > Chemistry - MT2 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry - MT2 - Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 importance of alchemy to chemistry?

A
  1. Techniques – precipitation + distillation
  2. Process of analysis + transformation
  3. Power over nature
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2
Q

What are the 3 deficiencies of alchemy as a science?

A
  1. Mystical in some pursuit
  2. Not quantitative
  3. No theory/no understanding of why things occurred
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3
Q

What was Paracelsus real name?

A

Philippus Aureolus Theophratus Bpmbastus von Hohenheim

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4
Q

What did Paracelsus reject?

A

Academia

- and went off to travel instead

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5
Q

What did Paracelsus say about doctors?

A

A doctor must see out old wives, gypsies, sorcerers, wandering tribes, old robbers and such outlaws and take lessons from them
- a doc must be a traveller. Knowledge is experience

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6
Q

Where did Paracelsus work?

A

In mines to learn about mettallurgy and the properties of metals

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7
Q

Even though Paracelsus didnt have the formal education, what did Paracelsus become?

A

A physician

- and opened up his own private practice

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8
Q

Why did patients have high regards for Paracelsus as a physician? (3)

A
  1. He didnt sew unnecessary
  2. He didnt over charge
  3. He didnt give patients meds they didnt need
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9
Q

How did Paracelsus piss off other people?

A

He thought he knew more than they did

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10
Q

Who is the only ancient author worth studying?

A

Hippocrates

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11
Q

What should medicine focus on?

A

Function, not form

  • dissection of cadavers are useless
  • dead anatomy
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12
Q

What kind of process is life?

A

Chemical

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13
Q

What is chemistry central to understand? (2)

A
  1. Human function

2. Medicine

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14
Q

Iatrochemistry

A

Using chemistry to understand human function and medicine

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15
Q

What does the body have that controls its function?

A

A mystical internal alchemist

- archeus

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16
Q

What is illness a result of?

A

Defects in the body chemistry

17
Q

What should choice of drug be based on? (2)

A
  1. Astrology
    - correspondences among the planets, metals and parts of the body
  2. Doctrine of signatures
18
Q

How did Paracelsus treat wounds?

A

By keeping them clean and letting themselves heal by themselves

  • poured oil over the wounds to keep them clean
  • very painful but better than cutting of a limb
19
Q

How would Paracelsus treat patients with syphilis?

A

With mercury

- highly toxic but it had beneficial effects

20
Q

What are 2 drugs that are associated with Paracelsus?

A
  1. Laudamum
    - mixture of wine and opium
    - functioned as a cough represent
  2. Sweet vitrial
    - di ethyl ether
21
Q

How did Paracelsus think like a chemist? (3)

A
  1. Believed in pure starting material
  2. Precise measurements
  3. Defined drugs
22
Q

How did Paracelsus think like a biochemist? (3)

A
  1. Quantity and dosage were important
    - dose makes the poison
  2. Involved in chemical transformations
  3. Specific substances had specific effects
23
Q

How did Paracelsus think like a mystic? (2)

A
  1. Astrology

2. Forward thinking with biochemistry

24
Q

Who subscribed to the approach of iatrochemistry?

A

Jan Baptista Van Helmont

25
Q

What did Van Helmont understand?

A

The conversion of matter in chemical reactions

  • observed dissolving metal in acid does not change the combined weight of the 2
  • the solution weighed the same as both the solute and the solvent separately (but were mixed together)
26
Q

What did Van Helmont believe?

A

That everything was made from water

- except air

27
Q

Van Helmont famous will tree experiment

A

Was the 1st experiment in plant physiology because it was a quantitative experiment

  • took a young tree and watered it and found out that it had gained weight
  • couldnt have been from the soil so it must have been the water
28
Q

What kinds of air did Van Helmont think there was? (2)

A
  1. Vapours

2. Spirits

29
Q

Van Helmont charcoal experiment

A

Burned charcoal and found the products consisted of ash and vapours that would not support the burning of a candle
- vapours with the same property were given off by the burning of alcohol and the fermentation of wine

30
Q

Spiritus sylvester

A

Spirit of wood

- CO2

31
Q

What did Van Helmont believe about fermentation?

A

That food used by animals, alcoholic fermentation and the burning of wood are all the same process
- fermentation

Bio 400 - History of Biology (33 decks)

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