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Bio 400 - History of Biology > The Ancient World - MT1 - Part 4 > Flashcards

The Ancient World - MT1 - Part 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the Hippocratics not emphasize?

A

Diagnosis

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2
Q

What did the Hippocratics believe about diagnosis?

A

Either that you were sick or well so you didnt need a diagnosis

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3
Q

What kind of view did the Hippocratics have?

A

Holistic

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4
Q

What did Hippocratics think changing could help? (3)

A
  1. Diet
  2. Bath
  3. Ointments
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5
Q

What did Hippocratics believe in?

A

Environmental factors

- country side was more relaxing and helpful

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6
Q

What did laxatives do?

A

Made you poop

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7
Q

What did emetics do?

A

Made you vomit

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8
Q

What did narcotics do?

A

Relieved plain

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9
Q

What were 5 types of Hippocratic therapies?

A
  1. Change in diet ect
  2. Drugs
  3. Removing tumours
  4. Surgery
  5. Bloodletting
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10
Q

Why did you have to be quick in surgery? (3)

A
  1. Painful for the patient
  2. Increase for infection the longer they were open
  3. Blood loss
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11
Q

Bloodletting

A

Cutting the body to release blood and fix its unbalance

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12
Q

Scarificator

A

Device for cutting veins for therapeutic purposes

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13
Q

Who use to preform surgeries and bloodletting in Medieval Europe?

A

Barbers

- the red stripes on the barbers pole today originally represents bloody bandages

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14
Q

What might not be apart of the Hippocratic document?

A

Hippocratic oath

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15
Q

What 3 people had more human centred and theological interests?

A
  1. Socrates
  2. Plato
  3. Aristotle
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16
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A

One of the most influential philosophers and scientists in history

17
Q

What was Socrates mainly interested in?

A

Ethical questioning

- shifted away from political and natural issues

18
Q

What was Plato mainly interested in?

A

The natural world

19
Q

What was Aristotle mostly interested in?

A

Nature

20
Q

Where was Aristotle born?

A

Macedonia

21
Q

Who was Aristotle’s father? And what was his profession?

A
  • Nichomachus

- He was a physician

22
Q

What happened to Aristotle after his father died?

A

Instead of learning to become a physician his uncle taught him about philosophy
- went into teaching

23
Q

What kind of biology was Aristotle most interested in?

A

Marine biology

24
Q

How did Aristotle think you learnt about the world?

A

By being in the world and not sitting and reading about it

25
Q

How did Aristotle die? And where?

A
  • In exile

- On the island of Chalcis

26
Q

Who was Aristotle’s teacher and colleague?

A

Plato

27
Q

What was Plato only interested in?

A

Abstract ideas and theology

28
Q

What did Ernst Mayr accuse Plato of?

A

Impeding the progress if biology

29
Q

How did Darwin influence Aristotle?

A

Through his anti-evolutionary

30
Q

Plato’s theory of universals

A

There exist changeless, eternal, ideal form

31
Q

What are mathematicions talking about when they talk about triangles?

A

He was thinking of these ideal triangles located in a higher spheres of existence

32
Q

What does essential thinking refer to?

A

The idea we are talking about an unchanging ideal essence

- variation around us is less real/important/illusion

33
Q

Essentialism

A

Idea of some essence or these ideal attributes extend to certain high people in the world

34
Q

Population thinking

A

Variation is the only ideal form

- opposite to essentialist thinking

35
Q

What are 5 examples of absolutist language today?

A
  1. The perfect pour
  2. Defining moment
  3. Ideal vacation
  4. Core values
  5. Sheer perfection
36
Q

What was harmful to the development of biology by Plato?

A

His belief in teleological explanation

  • explanation by intended purpose
  • everything in the world was created by god with a rational plan in mind

Bio 400 - History of Biology (33 decks)

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